![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ADIGE-YAZINI-HAKKINDA-b.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
ELHEP Hasan <\/strong> Adigey yaz\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi olarak 1924 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 almak son derece yanl\u0131\u015f ve yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Nas\u0131l olur? Sovyet y\u00f6netimi Kabardey\u2019de kurulduktan sonra bunca y\u0131l bizim hi\u00e7 okuma, yazma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemiz ve kayg\u0131m\u0131z olmadan, yan gelip yatm\u0131\u015f m\u0131y\u0131z yani? Elbette bu ger\u00e7ek de\u011fil. Arap harfleri ile medrese tipi e\u011fitim verildi diye bir d\u00f6nemi yok sayman\u0131n ve ger\u00e7e\u011fi saklaman\u0131n da hi\u00e7 bir anlam\u0131 yoktur. 1.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve devrim s\u0131ras\u0131nda Bol\u015feviklere kat\u0131lan insanlar, 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda geri d\u00f6ner d\u00f6nmez ilk i\u015fleri, e\u011fitici kurslar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek e\u011fitim haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flamak oldu. 1921 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Sovyet y\u00f6netimlerin a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 okullarda, Adigece e\u011fitime ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n Ancak o d\u00f6nemde, elimizde TSA\u011eO Nuri\u2019nin Arap\u00e7a harflerle haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alfabeden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktu.<\/p>\n Bu alfabeye dayanarak \u015eERELOUKE Talhosten’in yeniden d\u00fczenledi\u011fi, \u015eOGEN Zawurbek’in tek ba\u015f\u0131na binbir eziyetle bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi, Arap\u00e7a harflerle haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f alfabe, okullarda iki y\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda bu ilk alfabenin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda genellikle yaln\u0131z Nuri’den s\u00f6z edilirse de DIM Adem’in de kitab\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok eme\u011fi ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir; ancak nedense pek ondan s\u00f6z edilmez.<\/p>\n Alfabenin kendi giri\u015f sayfas\u0131nda aynen \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: Bast\u0131ran: DIM Hac\u0131 Gaffar. Haz\u0131rlayan: TSA\u011eO Nuri, DIM Adem (Gaffar\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu) Bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer: Kazan 1917.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu kitaptan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanan Adigece e\u011fitim kitab\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren \u015eOGEN Zawurbek bir ka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u00f6ld\u00fc, ancak bu alfabe hala \u00f6\u011fretmen olan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan korunuyor.<\/p>\n Kaynak al\u0131nan ilk alfabenin bas\u0131m\u0131nda Mollalar \u00f6ylesine tepki g\u00f6sterdiler ki, TSA\u011eO Nuri’yi, beni ve Tsa\u011fo\u2019nun yan\u0131ndaki herkesi ellerinden gelse diri diri topra\u011fa g\u00f6meceklerdi.<\/p>\n Latin harflerini kullanmaya ba\u015flamam\u0131z ise 1924 de\u011fil, bu tarihten 1 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, yani 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n O y\u0131l \u00f6\u011fretmenler kurslara \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131larak Latin harfleri ile e\u011fitildiler; ancak yokluk ve olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar e\u011fitim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ylesine zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu ki, e\u011fitime kat\u0131lanlara birer alfabe bile da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n Denemenin de pek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Kursiyerler harflerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu birer ka\u011f\u0131t sayfas\u0131 ile da\u011f\u0131lmak zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Kabardey\u2019de \u00d6\u011fretimin Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131<\/p>\n Ben burada dil tarihinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bir s\u0131ralama ile anlatacak de\u011filim. As\u0131l s\u00f6z edece\u011fim \u015fey bu g\u00fcne dek izinde y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, kendimize temel ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dil giri\u015fimleridir. Bu hareketin hemen sonras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019daki \u00c7erkes ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul’da bir araya gelerek bir birlik olu\u015fturdular (\u00c7erkes Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti). <\/span> TSA\u011eO <\/span> Nuri i\u015fte bu derne\u011fin ilk sekreteri ve ayn\u0131 zamanda Arap\u00e7a, Osmanl\u0131ca ve Adigece olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 dilde birden yay\u0131na ba\u015flayan \u011euaze gazetesinin de sorumlu m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/span><\/p>\n O y\u0131larda \u015fimdiki K\u0131zburun k\u00f6y\u00fcnden HATSIUK Mejid, k\u0131z karde\u015fini getirmek \u00fczere gitti\u011fi \u0130stanbul\u2019da bu derne\u011fi ziyaret eder. Bu ziyarette kendisine anavatana gelip \u00c7erkesce e\u011fitim ba\u015flat\u0131lmak istendi\u011fi, insanlar\u0131n kendi ana dili ile daha \u00e7abuk ve rahat e\u011fitilebilece\u011fi, halk\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fiminin ancak bu yolla sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkes ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bu iste\u011fi, Mejid taraf\u0131ndan geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte o g\u00fcn\u00fcn ileri gelenlerine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r ve kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Uzunca bir zaman sonra bu g\u00f6revi \u00fcstlenen <\/span> TSA\u011eO <\/span> Nuri geriye anavatana d\u00f6ner, yine uzunca bir ara ve pek \u00e7ok \u00e7abalardan sonra okulun a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir (\u015fimdiki Baksan Rayonu\u2019nda). \u0130lk zaman i\u015fler yolunda gider ancak Nuri yaln\u0131z Adigece de\u011fil, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra matematik, co\u011frafya ve benzeri pozitif bilimler ile ilgili e\u011fitim de vermeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca, okulun y\u00f6netiminden sorumlu olan GUG Mahmud Hac\u0131 bu durumdan haberdar olur ve “\u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 gavur edecek” diyerek Nuri’yi okuldan kovar. Bu arada 1914 y\u0131l\u0131na gelinmi\u015f ve 1.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nemeyen Nuri kendi k\u00f6y\u00fcne d\u00f6nerek t\u00fcm\u00fcyle buraya yerle\u015fir kendine birde ev yapar. Nuri evinin hemen arka taraf\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek g\u00f6z oday\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fa \u00e7evirmi\u015f ve ula\u015fabildi\u011fi, raz\u0131 edebildi\u011fi insanlar\u0131 burada okutma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Biz buras\u0131n\u0131 “<\/span>TSA\u011eO <\/span> Nuri’nin \u00dcniversitesi” diye adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu arada yine 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda yeni bir okul a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve TSA\u011eO <\/span> Nuri kalan zaman\u0131nda da burada e\u011fitim verme\u011fe ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. <\/span><\/p>\n 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda Baksan\u2019daki ilk\u00f6\u011fretim okuluna beni de \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar ve bir y\u0131l da ben Arap harfleri ile Adigece e\u011fitim verdim. O d\u00f6nemde e\u011fitim, a\u00e7\u0131labilen tek t\u00fck okullarda ve ki\u015fisel \u00e7abalarla i\u015fte b\u00f6yle a\u011f\u0131r aksak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu; yani t\u00fcmden yok de\u011fildi.<\/span><\/p>\n 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda TSA\u011eO <\/span> Nuri ve DIM Adem kafa kafaya vererek Adem’in m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131p, bu para ile bir matbaa sat\u0131n almaya ve gazete \u00e7\u0131karma\u011fa soyundular.<\/span><\/p>\n Adem bir s\u00fcre M\u0131s\u0131r’da e\u011fitim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve durumu kavrayabilen e\u011fitimin \u00f6nemini anlayabilen bir insand\u0131 ve bu i\u015fte pek \u00e7ok eme\u011fi ge\u00e7ti. \u0130kisi birlikte Kazan’a giderek bir matbaa sat\u0131n ald\u0131lar ve “Adige Mak” gazetesini yay\u0131nlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n yaz aylar\u0131nda Nuri, Baksan\u2019da bir haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Hem e\u011fitim i\u015fini hem gazete i\u015fini birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc o y\u0131l. Bu \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015fe kalka 1920 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi ve Bol\u015feviklerin geri d\u00f6nmesi ile birlikte biraz daha d\u00fczenli ve organize bir \u015fekilde ilk e\u011fitim kurslar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle ge\u00e7ilen bir d\u00f6nemden dolay\u0131 \u0130lk \u00c7erkesce e\u011fitimin temelinde medrese e\u011fitimi ve Arap\u00e7a harflerle yap\u0131lan e\u011fitim vard\u0131r.\u00dcstelik birde Latin harfleri ile ba\u015flanan e\u011fitim denemesi. Bunu saklaman\u0131n ve ilk e\u011fitimin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 1924 y\u0131l\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6stermenin hi\u00e7 bir gere\u011fi ve anlam\u0131 yoktur.<\/span><\/p>\n Halk\u0131n Konu\u015ftu\u011fu Dil, Edebi Dilin Kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Peki o zaman nedir bu ikisinin fark\u0131?<\/span><\/p>\n Gorki bunu \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar: Halk\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inden gelen daha kaba ancak daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Edebi dil ise bu yap\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fczerinde ustalar\u0131nca \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131larak geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, g\u00fczelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u015feklidir.<\/p>\n Yani bu ne anlama geliyor? “Halk\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak” bunu nas\u0131l anlamak gerekir dersiniz. Halk\u0131n binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k geli\u015fiminin i\u00e7inden do\u011fan s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kald\u0131r\u0131p, onun yerine size ho\u015f gelen bir s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ba\u015fka bir dilin gramatik \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131yan s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri alarak, dilini bunlar \u00fczerine in\u015fa etmek, bir ba\u015fka dilin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kendi dil yap\u0131s\u0131na monte etmek mi gerekir, b\u00f6yle mi anlamal\u0131 ?<\/p>\n Elbette inkar edilemez bir ger\u00e7ektir ki, halklar dillerini, geli\u015fmeleri s\u00fcrecine paralel olarak kendileri do\u011furur; yoksa \u00f6nce sa\u011fdan soldan s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri toplay\u0131p bununla dil yap\u0131s\u0131 in\u015fa edilmez. B\u00fct\u00fcn diller do\u011fal olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda kendi gramatik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve edebi dilini olu\u015fturur. Yani o gramer yap\u0131s\u0131, o dilin kendi i\u00e7erisinden do\u011far.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn diller ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir elbette, kurulu\u015f bi\u00e7imi ile, anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7imi ile her biri kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131r b\u00fcnyesinde. Peki hangi dilin gramer yap\u0131s\u0131 daha g\u00fczel? Elbette herkesin dili kendisine g\u00fczel gelecektir.<\/p>\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir dile oradan buradan toplama s\u00f6zc\u00fckler, gramer yap\u0131lar\u0131 eklemekle, ne o b\u00fcnye onu kabul eder, ne o dili konu\u015fan halk. B\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n, g\u00fcncel dile paralel geli\u015fmi\u015f bir de yaz\u0131n dilleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Peki bu ikisini ay\u0131ran nedir? Yaz\u0131n dili, halk dilinin bu \u015fekilde rafine edilmi\u015f durumudur.\u00a0 Yoksa ba\u015fta da s\u00f6yledi\u011fimiz gibi, oradan buradan s\u00f6zc\u00fck al\u0131p dile eklemek de\u011fildir. Bana g\u00f6re Gorki\u2019nin anlatmak istedi\u011fi de i\u015fte budur. Rus edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck ismi Pu\u015fkin k\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirerek halk\u0131n aras\u0131na girer; pazarlarda, kalabal\u0131k yerlerde dola\u015f\u0131r ve halk\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dili inceler, bu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerden, dilbilgisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fru buldu\u011fu, uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131rm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Elin adam\u0131 \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle olu\u015fturmu\u015f yaz\u0131n dilini.Yoksa gidip bir yerlerden s\u00f6zc\u00fck kopyalayarak, kendi altyap\u0131s\u0131na monte etmemi\u015f.<\/b><\/p>\n Not<\/span><\/span> ELHEP Hasan Şair, yazar ve araştırmacı Adigey yazınının başlangıç tarihi olarak 1924 yılını almak son derece yanlış ve yanıltıcıdır. Nasıl olur? Sovyet yönetimi Kabardey’de kurulduktan sonra bunca yıl bizim hiç okuma, yazma düşüncemiz ve kaygımız olmadan, yan gelip yatmış mıyız yani? Elbette bu gerçek değil. Arap harfleri ile medrese tipi eğitim verildi diye bir dönemi 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\n\u015eair, yazar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131<\/p>\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nElbette yaz\u0131n dili de halk\u0131n dilidir. Ancak bu demek de\u011fildir ki b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6zc\u00fckler sokakta konu\u015fuldu\u011fu bi\u00e7imiyle edebiyata girsin. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc halk\u0131n dilinde \u015five farklar\u0131 vard\u0131r, y\u00f6relere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7imleri vard\u0131r, yanl\u0131\u015f telaffuzlar vard\u0131r. Yani halk anlat\u0131m\u0131nda var olan uygunsuzluklar\u0131, farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak b\u00fct\u00fcn toplum taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lacak ve kabul g\u00f6recek bir g\u00fczellik ve incelik kazand\u0131rmakt\u0131r edebiyat.<\/span><\/p>\n
\nYazar\u0131n sohbet havas\u0131nda ancak bir \u00e7ok tarihi ger\u00e7e\u011fin kaynaklar\u0131 ve belgeleri g\u00f6sterilerek anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ANILAR isimli kitab\u0131ndan \u00c7evirisi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"