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Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Babam Faik Aksamaz\u2019a\u2026 Ben, burada, konumuz ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 anadil terimini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda konu\u015fulan ve yerel olan di\u011fer anadiller ile ilgili olarak kullan\u0131yorum. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki anadil konusunu ise, esas olarak iki d\u00f6nemde ve yerellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelemenin do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. \u0130lk d\u00f6nem 1920\u2019lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flar ve 1950\u2019lere kadar devam eder. \u0130kinci d\u00f6nem ise bu tarihten DSP-MHP-ANAP H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bu anadiller ile ilgili en son d\u00fczenlemeleri yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 25 Ocak 2004 tarihine kadar s\u00fcrer. Anadili, bu iki d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde ve yerellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmek konuyu \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6rmemize, de\u011ferlendirmemize ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 \u00fcretmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu ilk d\u00f6nemde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00fcretim \u00e7o\u011funlukla g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6neliktir; nafaka ekonomisi ili\u015fkileri hakimdir. Yine bu d\u00f6nem, \u00f6zelli\u011fi gere\u011fi i\u00e7ine kapan\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu durum ise, yerelli\u011fin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da yerellik, o yerellikteki anadilin konu\u015fulmas\u0131, ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yerelli\u011fin i\u00e7ine do\u011fan bir \u00e7ocuk, meyvelerin adlar\u0131n\u0131; g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc, g\u00fcne\u015f, bulut, ay, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar, toprak, suyu; \u201cay\u0131pl\u0131- ay\u0131ps\u0131z\u201d b\u00fct\u00fcn organlar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131; tohum ve yenilen yemekleri; \u00fcretim ve \u00fcretirken kulland\u0131klar\u0131 aletlerin adlar\u0131n\u0131; g\u00f6r\u00fclen, kavranan her \u015feyi; inan\u00e7, do\u011fum, \u00f6l\u00fcm, korku, sevin\u00e7, kavga, a\u015fk ve dostluk, imeceyi anadil ile \u00f6\u011frenir. \u00c7ocuk anadil ile \u015fekillenir. \u00c7evresini tan\u0131maya, anlamaya ve kendisini ifade etmeye ba\u015flar; \u00fcretime katk\u0131da bulunur.<\/p>\n 1920\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar, anadili olan bir yerelli\u011fe sahip insanlar do\u011fmu\u015flar, ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar ve \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fler. Nesiller devam etmi\u015f. Anadilleri do\u011fum, ya\u015fam ve \u00f6l\u00fcmde kendilerini ifade etmeye yetmi\u015f. Yerellikte tek dillilik, yerelli\u011fin anadili b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde hakimdir. Ne var ki, 1920\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren her \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7ocuklar \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile baz\u0131 H\u0131ristiyan ve Musevilerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak; Devlet \u0130statistik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u0130slam Az\u0131nl\u0131k Dilleri ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi anadiller sahipsizdi. TKF\u2019nin 1926 Program\u0131 anadil konusuna \u015f\u00f6yle yakla\u015f\u0131yordu: \u201c(…) TKF Halk F\u0131rkas\u0131n\u0131’n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 zorla T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirmek, H\u0131ristiyan ve Musevi az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 da ezmek siyasetine her vas\u0131tayla kar\u015f\u0131 koyar. TKF, onlar i\u00e7in hukukta tam bir e\u015fitlik; dillerini kullanmak ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini yayma ve e\u011fitim konular\u0131nda tam bir serbesti (…) talep eder. (Madde 11)\u201d<\/p>\n TANIKLIKLAR Arhavili M. Recai \u00d6zg\u00fcn \u015funlar\u0131 anlat\u0131yor: \u201c(\u2026) Otuzlu y\u0131llarda okullarda Temizlik ve \u0130ntizam Kolu, K\u0131z\u0131lay Kolu… gibi isimlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kollar\u0131 olu\u015fturulurdu… Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u201cLazca Konu\u015fanlarla M\u00fccadele Kolu\u201d diye bir kol daha vard\u0131. Ben d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve be\u015finci s\u0131n\u0131fta iken bir m\u00fcddet bu kolun ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum… Bu i\u015fi… faydal\u0131 oldu\u011funa inanarak yapard\u0131k. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc talebeler de \u00f6\u011fretmenler de Laz k\u00f6kenli idiler ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7eleri meramlar\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek kadar bozuktu…\u201c<\/p>\n \u201cLazca Konu\u015fanlarla M\u00fccadele Kolu\u201dndaki faaliyetlerime bir anlam veremezdim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc okulda tamam; Lazca konu\u015fanlara ihtar\u0131m\u0131 yapard\u0131m, ama eve gelince, k\u00f6ye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca hi\u00e7 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmeyen babaannem, dedem, kom\u015fuma hi\u00e7 etkili olam\u0131yordum. Hal b\u00f6yle olunca, onlarla ben de Lazca konu\u015fuyordum… Bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun ikiy\u00fczl\u00fc geli\u015fmesinde felaket etkili olacak bir uygulama. Ayr\u0131ca onlara, \u201cLazca konu\u015fmay\u0131n\u201d demek, \u201cSiz hi\u00e7 konu\u015fmay\u0131n\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Lazca’dan ba\u015fka dil bilmiyorlard\u0131. B\u00f6yle bir teklif, onlar\u0131n akl\u0131m\u0131zdan \u015f\u00fcphelenmelerini gerektiriyor ve \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n g\u00fclmelerine vesile oluyordu. Bu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7eli\u015fki idi. \u00c7ocuk ruhumda olu\u015fan bu \u00e7apra\u015f\u0131k duygular, beni konunun nedenlerini anlamaya do\u011fru iterdi ama hi\u00e7bir izah tarz\u0131n\u0131 da bulamazd\u0131m. Bu konudaki pozisyonumu iki y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck imi\u015f gibi alg\u0131lard\u0131m ve hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ma g\u00f6re utan\u0131r ve s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n Arde\u015fenli Mecit \u00c7ak\u0131rusta \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201c(\u2026) 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda ilkokul tahsilimi\u2026 yapt\u0131m\u2026 Okulda Lazca konu\u015fmak yasakt\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca okulda de\u011fil, d\u0131\u015far\u0131da da konu\u015fulmayacakt\u0131. Bunun tespiti i\u00e7in de, talebeler aras\u0131nda g\u00f6revliler vard\u0131. \u00d6\u011fretmen, Lazca konu\u015fanlar\u0131 tespit edip kendisine isimlerini getirenleri \u00f6d\u00fcllendiriyor ve talebeleri ispiyonculu\u011fa te\u015fvik ediyordu. Lazca konu\u015fanlar\u0131 da -yine talebelere yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131- \u00f6zel f\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131ndan \u00e7ubuklarla avu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rba\u00e7l\u0131yordu veya parmaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 birle\u015ftirip t\u0131rnaklar\u0131m\u0131za cetvelle vuruyordu. Bu tutum ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n bana yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 psikolojik tahribat\u0131n ya\u015fam boyu uzun zaman\u0131m\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanma, su\u00e7luluk ama bu su\u00e7 ve yabanc\u0131l\u0131k bende hep var olacakt\u0131. \u00dcst\u00fcmden atamayacakt\u0131m\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n 1939 do\u011fumlu olan Hopal\u0131 Y\u0131lmaz Avc\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da hat\u0131rlad\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201c(…) Okullar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fretmenimizin okulda Lazca konu\u015fmay\u0131 yasaklamas\u0131 ile beraber bizim de en \u00f6nemli ileti\u015fim kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kesilmi\u015f oldu. Ancak teneff\u00fcslerde, \u00f6\u011fretmenden uzak oldu\u011fumuz noktalarda kontroll\u00fc olarak Lazca konu\u015fabiliyorduk\u2026 Tabi bu arada yakay\u0131 su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc ele verenler de mutlaka cezalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekiyorlard\u0131. (…) O b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadele sonunda, \u00f6\u011fretmenin galip geldi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemeye her halde gerek yok !<\/p>\n 1944 do\u011fumlu F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131 Nurdo\u011fan Demir\u2019in, o y\u0131llara ili\u015fkin olarak yazd\u0131klar\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201c(…) O ya\u015f\u0131mda ba\u015fka bir dilin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile bilmiyordum. Lazca konu\u015fmayacakt\u0131m da ne konu\u015facakt\u0131m ki? Yoksa biz, hani \u015fu \u00f6\u011fretmenlerimizin konu\u015ftu\u011fu dilden mi konu\u015facakt\u0131k? \u00d6\u011fretmenler T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’yi bana g\u00f6re \u00e7ok g\u00fczel konu\u015fuyorlard\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 imreniyorduk. Ama o dilden bildi\u011fimiz on kelimeyi ge\u00e7miyordu ki, nas\u0131l olacakt\u0131 bu i\u015f? O zamanlar bizim i\u00e7in \u201cLazca konu\u015fma\u201d demek, \u201cHi\u00e7 konu\u015fma\u201d demekle e\u015fti. \u0130lk zamanlar adeta a\u011fz\u0131m\u0131z kilitlenmi\u015fti. Dilsiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u2026 \u201c<\/p>\n TEK PART\u0130 D\u0130KTAT\u00d6RL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc Bunlardan ilki CHP Manisa Milletvekili M. S. Toprak. 1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdi\u011fi kanun tasar\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturuyor. Bu tasar\u0131, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n evlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda umuma a\u00e7\u0131k yerlerde, her zaman T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131, aksi takdirde 1- 7 g\u00fcn aras\u0131nda hapis ve 10 ile 100 kuru\u015f aras\u0131nda para cezas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Bunlar\u0131n diplomalar\u0131na da el konulacak ve doktorluk, \u00f6\u011fretmenlik ya da gazetecilik yapamayacaklard\u0131. Ceza olarak toplanan paralar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de ihbarc\u0131lara \u00f6d\u00fcl olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131. Yine bu tasar\u0131ya g\u00f6re T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilmeyen T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131 bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’yi \u00f6\u011frenmeye mecburdu. Yoksa onlar\u0131 T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmak bekliyordu.<\/p>\n CHP Antalya Milletvekili R. Kaplan\u2019\u0131n Mecliste yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fma ise \u015f\u00f6yle: \u201c(…) Baz\u0131 unsurlar pek ars\u0131zca hareket ederek T\u00fcrk milletinin diline h\u00fcrmet etmiyorlar. Evlerinde istedikleri dili konu\u015fabilirler. Fakat umumi yerlerde… bir k\u0131s\u0131m T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de\u011fildir. Ey vatanda\u015f, e\u011fer T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 isen T\u00fcrk diline sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ster. Kar\u015f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkleri de rencide etme\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n Siyasi otoriteyi elinde tutan CHP\u2019nin tek parti diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin anadillerini yok sayd\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n yok edilmesi i\u00e7in de elden gelen her \u015fey yap\u0131ld\u0131. CHP 9. B\u00fcrosu taraf\u0131ndan, 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda haz\u0131rlanan bir rapor, bu anadillere yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermekle kalm\u0131yor, siyasi otoritenin bu anadillere kar\u015f\u0131 olan tavr\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6zetliyor. Bu rapor, anadilleri T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’den ba\u015fka olan, ancak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplar halinde ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman yurtta\u015flar\u0131 konu ediyor. Toplu halde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi dil ve geleneklerini koruyan bu topluluklar potansiyel tehlike olarak an\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Lazlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131ndan i\u00e7 kesimlere kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, toplu ya\u015famalar\u0131na engel olunmas\u0131, bunun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde en zengin ve verimli k\u00f6ylerden ba\u015flayarak buralara y\u00fczde elli oran\u0131nda T\u00fcrk yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve okullar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6neriliyordu.<\/p>\n Oysa bu y\u0131llarda; T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’yi de kendi anadilini de iyi bilen, kendisine g\u00fcvenen, kendisi ile bar\u0131\u015f\u0131k, \u00e7evresi ile uyumlu, \u00fcreten, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve mutlu vatanda\u015flar yeti\u015ftirilebilir; bug\u00fcnk\u00fcne benzemeyen bir vatan kurulabilirdi. 1 Ocak 1929 tarihinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flayan Millet Mektepleri ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretilebilirdi. Ayr\u0131ca; o d\u00f6nem m\u00fcttefikimiz olan Sovyet \u00fclkesinin deste\u011fi al\u0131nabilirdi. Sovyet \u00fclkesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fclkemizde de konu\u015fulan Abazaca, Adigeece, Kara\u00e7ayca, Oset\u00e7e, \u00c7e\u00e7ence, \u0130ngu\u015f\u00e7a, Avarca, Lazca vd. Gen\u00e7 Yaz\u0131l\u0131 Diller alan\u0131nda tecr\u00fcbesi olan Sovyetlerin deste\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin anadil konusunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131.<\/p>\n 1950: YEN\u0130 B\u0130R D\u00d6NEM Geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan k\u0131smi sanayile\u015fme ve ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 arabesk kapitalist hayat tarz\u0131 ile birlikte; \u00fcretimsel, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dilsel i\u00e7ine kapan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 koruyan ve onlarla devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan yerellikler de bulunduklar\u0131 y\u00f6relerin \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re, h\u0131zl\u0131 veya daha yava\u015f bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme s\u00fcrecine girdi. Bu yerelliklerden i\u015f, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve tedavi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere gidi\u015f ve geli\u015fler fazla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a; bu yerelliklerde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e okuma-yazma oran\u0131 y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e, gazete, radyo ve televizyon yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, yerelli\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme s\u00fcreci daha da h\u0131zland\u0131. Bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeler ise, anadillerden uzakla\u015fmay\u0131, anadillerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme s\u00fcrecini getirdi. Bir anadilin konu\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve konu\u015fuldu\u011fu y\u00f6renin sanayile\u015fme b\u00f6lgesine uzakl\u0131k veya yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 o dilden uzakla\u015fma ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmenin derecesini belirledi. Daha az yorucu, daha fazla kazan\u00e7l\u0131 ve sosyal haklar sa\u011flayan modern hayat ile tan\u0131\u015fma, yerellikten h\u0131zla kurtulup b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlere g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeyi h\u0131zland\u0131rmakla kalmad\u0131, yerellikte de yerellikten kurtulma gibi bir paradoksal durumu yaratt\u0131. Ki\u015fi; do\u011fdu\u011fu, \u00fcretti\u011fi, karn\u0131n\u0131 doyurdu\u011fu, do\u011fa ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fti\u011fi, alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi de\u011fil, \u0131\u015f\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131na \u00f6zendi\u011fi, ama ne oldu\u011funu bilmedi\u011fi bir hayata kavu\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00e7abal\u0131yordu. Kapitalizm bunu dayat\u0131yordu; ki\u015fi buna eklemlenecekti. Modern hayata ula\u015fma duygusu, ki\u015fide bir an \u00f6nce yerellikten kurtulmay\u0131 tetikledi. Fakirli\u011finin sebebi olarak da, ya\u015fan\u0131lan y\u00f6renin geri kalm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sebebi olarak da, \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015famay\u0131p hemencecik \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck adam\u201d olamamas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi olarak da belki ki\u015fi anadilini g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Oysa \u0130stanbul\u2019da mezar\u0131 bile olmayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n B\u00f6yle bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten ge\u00e7ilerek So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin sonuna, 1991 sonlar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Bu, yeni bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Hala ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015f anadiller bulunuyorsa; hala konu\u015fanlar\u0131 varsa ve tutarl\u0131 savunuculara sahiplerse, korunabilir, geli\u015ftirilebilir ve gelece\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131nabilirdiler.<\/p>\n T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019N\u0130N ANAD\u0130LLER\u0130 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok kesin say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bilemiyoruz. Ancak, \u00fclkemizde onlarca anadilin konu\u015fuldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Bunca anadilin konu\u015fuldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkede, resmi kurumlar, bu dillerle ilgili \u00f6zg\u00fcn dilsel materyal derleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapmad\u0131; yapm\u0131yor. Bunu b\u0131rakal\u0131m; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de konu\u015fulan anadillerin envanter \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yapan resmi bir kurum bile bulunmuyor. Siyasi otoritenin konuya yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 b\u00f6yle olunca, iyi niyetli baz\u0131 ki\u015filerin bu konuda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar fanteziden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emiyor, ilgi g\u00f6rm\u00fcyor ve katk\u0131 sa\u011flayam\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n, reaksiyoner g\u00fc\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015fmanca kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin anadillerine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir umursamazl\u0131k ve iki y\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fcklere tan\u0131k oluyoruz.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin anadilleri \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleri ile tam bir bilinmezlik i\u00e7indedir. Bu bilinmezli\u011fin esas sebebi, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok, siyasi otoritenin konuya ba\u015ftan beri yanl\u0131\u015f yakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, \u00e7e\u015fitli sivil giri\u015fimciler ise, anadil konusuna sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 yakla\u015famam\u0131\u015f ve uygun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc konu \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleriyle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en \u00f6nemli engel art\u0131k siyasi otoritenin olumsuz tavr\u0131 veya yasal engeller de\u011fil. S\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde anadil konusunun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 terimlerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bir yandan siyasi iradenin uzun s\u00fcreli olumsuz tavr\u0131 ve bu tavr\u0131n hala devam eden etkileri, bir yandan bu sebeple anadil konusunda kurumsal k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n olu\u015famamas\u0131, bir yandan sorunun do\u011fru terimlerle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lamamas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin anadilleri konusuna \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretilememi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebepleridir. Bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bir di\u011fer sebebi ise, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir anadilin savunuculu\u011funa soyunan baz\u0131 sivil giri\u015fimcilerin, her anadilin ayn\u0131 de\u011ferde oldu\u011funu kabul etmeme ile bir anadilin \u015fovenizmine saplanmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bir anadili bildi\u011fi iddias\u0131 ile o anadilin hamisi kesilen baz\u0131 kimseler ise, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin anadil zenginli\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en ciddi engellerden bir tanesini olu\u015fturuyor. Bunlar\u0131n; anadilleri korumak, geli\u015ftirmek ve gelecek ku\u015faklara kurumsal olarak aktarmak gibi bir vizyon ve misyonlar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r; b\u00fct\u00fcn yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bu anadiller \u00fczerinden \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde nemalanmakt\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, anadil konusu s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu zaman, bu \u00e7e\u015fit toplant\u0131lara konu\u015fmac\u0131 olarak \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan, siyasi otoriteye kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015flar\u0131yla da tan\u0131nan, konu k\u0131demlisi baz\u0131 akademisyenler, ithal terimleri kullanmalar\u0131, \u00e7eviri metinlerden yapt\u0131klar\u0131 uzun aktarma ve uygunsuz \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermeleri ile anadil konusunun etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6n\u00fcp dolanmakta; konunun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, kafalar\u0131 daha da kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar. Bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc sahaya inmek ak\u0131llar\u0131na gelmemektedir.<\/p>\n Devlet \u0130statistik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, anadil sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 son n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 1965\u2019de yap\u0131land\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de konu\u015fulan diller \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n a) <\/b>T\u00fcrk\u00e7e D\u0130E\u2019nin \u201c\u0130slam Az\u0131nl\u0131k Dilleri\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anadillerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da anadillerin bulundu\u011funu belirtmeliyim. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir zaman dikkate al\u0131nmayan benim \u015fimdi adlar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlayabildi\u011fim anadilleri \u015f\u00f6yle: Pontus\u00e7a, Hem\u015fince, Ub\u0131kh\u00e7a, Vaynakh\u00e7a (\u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f\u00e7a), Asetince (Oset\u00e7e), Avarca, Lezgice, Kumuk\u00e7a, Gazi Kumuk\u00e7a (Lak\u00e7a), Dargice, Kara\u00e7ay(l\u0131)-Balkarya(l\u0131)ca, Uygurca, Tatarca, K\u0131rg\u0131zca, Kazak\u00e7a, \u00d6zbek\u00e7e, Nogayca. Ayr\u0131ca ayn\u0131 kaderi payla\u015fan S\u00fcryanice de unutulmamal\u0131.<\/p>\n VE G\u00dcN\u00dcM\u00dcZ Anadil tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za bir\u00e7ok terim \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bir terimler karga\u015fas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u201cE\u011fitim\u201d mi? \u201c\u00d6\u011fretim\u201d mi? \u201c\u00d6\u011frenim\u201d mi? \u201cE\u011fitim- \u00f6\u011fretim\u201d mi? \u201cAna dil\u201d mi? \u201cAnadil\u201d mi? \u201cAnadilde \u00f6\u011fretim\u201d mi? \u201cAnadil \u00f6\u011fretimi\u201d mi? \u201cAnadilde e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim\u201d mi? \u201cAnadil e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretimi\u201d mi? \u201cYerel dil mi\u201d? \u201cKonu\u015fanlar\u0131 say\u0131ca (daha) az diller\u201d mi? \u201cEtnik dil\u201d mi? \u201cT\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131nda geleneksel olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131 dil ve leh\u00e7eler\u201d mi? \u201cKavim dili\u201d mi? \u201cAz\u0131nl\u0131k dili\u201d mi? \u201cY\u00f6resel dil\u201d mi? \u201cDi\u011fer halklar\u0131n kendi dilleri\u201d mi? \u201cY\u00f6renin dili\u201d mi, \u201cY\u00f6redeki n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun dili\u201d mi? \u201cY\u00f6renin anadili\u201d mi? \u201cYok say\u0131lan anadiller\u201d mi? \u201cYasaklanan anadiller\u201d mi?<\/p>\n Konumuz olan dilleri belirtmek i\u00e7in \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7e D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Anadiller\u201d, bu dillerin desteklenmesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda ise \u201cAnadil \u00d6\u011fretimi\u201d, \u201cAnadil \u00d6\u011frenimi Hakk\u0131\u201d ifadelerini kullanman\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yor; b\u00f6yle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyorum.<\/p>\n Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne uyum s\u00fcrecinde DSP-MHP-ANAP H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u00c7e\u015fitli Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun\u201dun (Kanun no: 4771; Kabul tarihi: 03.08.2002- Resmi Gazete: 09.08.2002- 24841) y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinin ard\u0131ndan, \u201cT\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcnl\u00fck Ya\u015famlar\u0131nda Geleneksel Olarak Kulland\u0131klar\u0131 Farkl\u0131 Dil ve Leh\u00e7elerin \u00d6\u011frenilmesi Hakk\u0131ndaki Y\u00f6netmelik\u201d (Resmi Gazete: 20.09.2002- 24882) ve \u201cT\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcnl\u00fck Ya\u015famlar\u0131nda Geleneksel Olarak Kulland\u0131klar\u0131 Farkl\u0131 Dil ve Leh\u00e7elerde Yap\u0131lacak Radyo ve Televizyon Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Hakk\u0131ndaki Y\u00f6netmelik\u201d (25.01.2004 -25357) de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi.<\/p>\n Ku\u015fkusuz bu \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fmeydi. Ancak; yasak savma kabilinden bir uygulama oldu\u011fu hemen anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7e D\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Anadiller\u201d de\u011fil de \u201cT\u00fcrk Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fcnl\u00fck Ya\u015famlar\u0131nda Geleneksel Olarak Kulland\u0131klar\u0131 Farkl\u0131 Dil ve Leh\u00e7eler\u201d gibi bir ifadenin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 konuya nas\u0131l bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 veriyor. Dikkat edilirse, \u201c\u00d6\u011fretilmesi\u201d de\u011fil \u201c\u00d6\u011frenilmesi\u201d ifadesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6rneklerini verdi\u011fim uygulama ve yok saymalardan sonra bu \u201c\u00f6\u011frenilme\u201d nas\u0131l olacak? Bu vb. sorular cevaps\u0131z b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu anadiller ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan \u201cdil\u201d ve \u201cleh\u00e7e\u201d nedir? Bir anadilin, dil mi leh\u00e7e mi oldu\u011funa kim karar verir?<\/p>\n DSP-MHP-ANAP H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ilgili yasa ve y\u00f6netmeliklerde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ard\u0131ndan, yap\u0131lan resmi a\u00e7\u0131klama ile TRT\u2019nin yaln\u0131zca Bo\u015fnak\u00e7a, Arap\u00e7a, K\u0131rman\u00e7i, \u00c7erkezce ve Zazaca radyo ve televizyon yay\u0131n\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131 duyuruldu. Be\u015f anadildeki radyo ve televizyon yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 7 Haziran 2004 Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc Bo\u015fnak\u00e7a ile ba\u015flad\u0131. Yap\u0131lan resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re, Bo\u015fnak\u00e7a, Arap\u00e7a, K\u0131rman\u00e7i, \u00c7erkezce ve Zazaca TRT\u2019nin s\u0131ras\u0131yla yay\u0131n yapaca\u011f\u0131 dillerdi. TRT\u2019nin bu anadillerdeki yay\u0131nlar\u0131; i\u00e7erik, s\u00fcre, yay\u0131nland\u0131klar\u0131 saatler vd. a\u00e7\u0131lardan ele\u015ftirilebilir. Ancak \u00f6ncelikle \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken konu, yay\u0131n yap\u0131lacak dillerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n neden be\u015f ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. TRT, K\u0131rman\u00e7i, Zazaca, Bo\u015fnak\u00e7a, Arap\u00e7a ve \u00c7erkesce’yi hangi k\u0131staslar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak yay\u0131n yapmak i\u00e7in se\u00e7ti? Bunu bilemiyoruz. TRT\u2019nin, D\u0130E\u2019nin verilerini dikkate alarak bu dilleri belirledi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Anadillere ili\u015fkin sorular\u0131n en son 1985 n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131nda soruldu\u011funu biliyoruz. D\u0130E\u2019nin anadil sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en son say\u0131m ise 1965\u2019tekidir. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan son n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131nda ise, anadile ili\u015fkin soru sorulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re; TRT, 1965 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 anadil verilerini mi dikkate ald\u0131? \u015eimdi 1965 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 anadil verilerine bir bakal\u0131m: Anadili ve ikinci dili olarak Bo\u015fnak\u00e7a’y\u0131 57 bin 209 ki\u015fi; \u00c7erkesce’yi 106 bin 960 ki\u015fi ve Arap\u00e7a’y\u0131 533 bin 264 ki\u015fi konu\u015fuyordu. Yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l verileriyle Lazca’y\u0131 81 bin 165 ki\u015fi; G\u00fcrc\u00fcce’yi 79 bin 234 ki\u015fi; Pomak\u00e7a’y\u0131 57 bin 372 ki\u015fi; Arnavut\u00e7a’y\u0131 53 bin 520 ki\u015fi ve Abazaca’y\u0131 ise 12 bin 399 ki\u015fi anadili veya ikinci dili olarak konu\u015fuyordu. Bu rakamlar, TRT\u2019nin bir anadilini, konu\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirmedi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. O zaman TRT\u2019nin k\u0131stas\u0131 neydi? Bunu hi\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frenemedik. E\u011fer TRT, Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7men dilleri, yani Bo\u015fnak\u00e7a ve \u00c7erkesce’yi dikkate al\u0131yorsa, di\u011fer g\u00f6\u00e7men dilleri olan Abazaca, Arnavut\u00e7a ve Pomak\u00e7a’y\u0131 da dikkate almal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer TRT, Anadolu\u2019da yerli dilleri, yani K\u0131rman\u00e7i, Zazaca ve Arap\u00e7a’y\u0131 dikkate al\u0131yorsa di\u011fer yerli diller olan Lazca, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce vd. dilleri de dikkate almal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n TRT\u2019nin bu be\u015f anadilde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yay\u0131nlar bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan ele\u015ftiriye muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu yay\u0131nlar, siyasi otoritenin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin anadillerini tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmesi anlam\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir. Ne var ki, TRT ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. TRT, haks\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6rmezlikten geldi\u011fi di\u011fer anadiller ile ilgili yeni bir ad\u0131m atmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrse, bizlerden destek g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi gibi, Hem\u015fince i\u00e7in Ermenistanl\u0131; Pontus\u00e7a i\u00e7in Yunanl\u0131; Vaynakh\u00e7a (\u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f\u00e7a), Avarca, Lezgice, Kumuk\u00e7a, Gazi Kumuk\u00e7a (Lak\u00e7a), Dargice, Kara\u00e7ay(l\u0131)-Balkarya(l\u0131)ca, Tatarca, Nogayca ve \u00c7erkesce i\u00e7in Rusya Federasyonundan; K\u0131rg\u0131zca i\u00e7in K\u0131rg\u0131zistanl\u0131; Kazak\u00e7a i\u00e7in Kazakistanl\u0131; \u00d6zbek\u00e7e i\u00e7in \u00d6zbekistanl\u0131; Uygurca i\u00e7in \u00c7inli; Pomak\u00e7a i\u00e7in Bulgaristanl\u0131; Acemce i\u00e7in \u0130ranl\u0131; Arap\u00e7a i\u00e7in Suriyeli; Arnavut\u00e7a i\u00e7in Arnavutluklu; G\u00fcrc\u00fcce, Lazca, Oset\u00e7e ve Abazaca i\u00e7in G\u00fcrc\u00fcstanl\u0131 dilbilimciler ve radyo ve televizyon programc\u0131lar\u0131ndan destek arayabilir.<\/p>\n \u00d6NER\u0130LER \u00d6ncelikle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin di\u011fer anadilleri envanteri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131l\u0131rken, yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile hi\u00e7bir akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan anadiller de\u011fil, Azerice, Kazak\u00e7a, K\u0131rg\u0131zca, \u00d6zbek\u00e7e, Tatarca, Uygurca gibi diller de dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Biliyoruz ki, n\u00fcfus say\u0131m sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en anadillerin en az iki kat\u0131 anadili T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r; bunlar, ad olarak ve kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6reler olarak tespit edilmelidir. Olu\u015fturulacak ilgili komisyonlar bu anadilleri i\u00e7in Latin alfabesine dayanan alfabeleri olu\u015fturmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan da, ilk a\u015famada en az on bin kelimelik temel T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kelime da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmeli ve buna g\u00f6re bu anadillerin s\u00f6zl\u00fckleri olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu s\u00f6zl\u00fckler (varsa di\u011fer alfabeleriyle ve) Latin alfabesine dayal\u0131 alfabeleriyle yay\u0131nlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk etapta ilk\u00f6\u011fretim birinci s\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6\u011frencilerinin d\u00fczeylerine uygun masal kitaplar\u0131 ve \u00e7izgi filmler radyo ve TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda da kullan\u0131labilecek \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlarla e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak, bu anadillerle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctecek, yani; masal kitaplar\u0131, ilk\u00f6\u011fretim \u00f6\u011frencilerinin d\u00fczeylerine g\u00f6re \u201csosyal bilgiler\u201d ve \u201cfen bilgisi\u201c vb. kitaplar\u0131, \u00e7izgi filmler, tiyatro eserleri, radyo- TV programlar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131p sunacak, gazete ve dergileri yay\u0131nlayacak personelin yeti\u015ftirilmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu personelin yeti\u015fmesinde, bu anadillerle ilgili ve\/veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin akademik personelinden de faydalanabilir.<\/p>\n Gerek personel yeti\u015ftirilmesi gerekse de yaz\u0131l\u0131, g\u00f6rsel, i\u015fitsel vb. her t\u00fcrl\u00fc materyalin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn harcamalar, ku\u015fkusuz ilgili devlet kurulu\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n SON S\u00d6Z <\/span> FAYDALANILAN BA\u015eLICA KAYNAKLAR<\/b> <\/p>\n TURK\u0130A\u015e\u0130 NANANENA\u015e XAMPOBA<\/span> Baba \u00e7kimi Faik Aksamazis\u2026<\/p>\n <\/i> Am maartani p\u2019eriodis, Turkias, omraloba didobaten nd\u011faluri skidala oskedinu \u015feni ren; me3\u2019k\u2019apura\u015fi ek\u2019onomia\u015fi artikartisobape menceloni ren. Xolo am p\u2019eriodis, mu\u015fiuroba mu\u015fi\u015fi sebebiten ti-mu\u015fi k\u2019ala ren. Am xalikti gza me\u00e7aps svalonoba\u015fi oskedinu\u015fa. Emutenti svalonobakti gza me\u00e7eren em svalonoba\u015f nananena\u015fi o\u011far\u011falinu tasi\u015fen tasi\u015fa oemanetu do o\u00e7vinu\u015fa. Am svalonobas dobadineri ar berek iguraps xilepe\u015fi coxope; n3a, mjora, mp\u2019ula, tuta, muru3xepe, dixa, 3\u2019k\u2019ari; \u201conc\u011foroni-uonc\u011foroni\u201d mtel organepe mu\u015fi\u015fi coxope; tasi do na i\u00e7\u2019k\u2019omen o\u00e7\u2019k\u2019omalepe; omraloba do omralapt\u2019a\u015fi na ixmarnan alet\u2019epe\u015fi coxope; na iz\u2019iren, na iguren karta ondi; cera, dobada, \u011fura, \u015fkurna, xela, ok\u2019vak\u2019ida, qoropa do megabroba, noderi nananenaten. Bere i\u015fekilinen nananena mu\u015fiten. Ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019aps mu\u015fi gomorgva o\u00e7inu, oxo3\u2019onu do ti-mu\u015fi ognapus; mxuci me\u00e7aps omralus.<\/p>\n 1920-oni 3\u2019anape\u015fi maartani gverdi\u015fakis, nananena mu\u015fi na u\u011fun ar svalonobas \u015furepe dibaderenan, skiderenan do \u011furerenan. Tasepe naqonerenan. Entepe\u015fi nananena, diba\u011feren ti-mutepe\u015fi otku\u015fa dobada, skidala do \u011furas. Svalonobas arnenaloba, svalonoba\u015fi nananena didobaten menceloni ren. Murenki, 1920-oni 3\u2019anape\u015fi majurani gverdi\u015fen, mtelxolo ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019aps oktirus. Am oktiroba\u015fi me\u00e7\u2019ireli \u00e7\u2019viniti berepek zdipan.<\/p>\n Turkiakti coxo\u015f\u00e7\u2019ara na gedvu Lozani\u015fi Akt\u2019iten, namtini Krist\u2019iani do Musevurepe\u015fi k\u2019ult\u2019uruli hak\u2019k\u2019epe i\u00e7valinu. Mara Oxen3aluri \u0130st\u2019at\u2019ist\u2019ik\u2019i\u015fi \u0130nst\u2019it\u2019ut\u2019ik na ixmareret\u2019u t\u2019erminiten, \u0130slamuri Arm3ika\u015fi Nenape umanceloni rt\u2019es. Turkia\u015fi K\u2019omunist\u2019uri Furk\u2019a\u015fi 1926 tari\u011foni p\u2019rogramik a\u015fo \u00e7\u2019arups nananena \u015feni: \u201c…TKF-k, Xalk\u2019i\u015fi Furk\u2019ak Muslimani arm3ikape me\u00e7\u2019iruten Turki noktu, Krist\u2019iani do Musevuri arm3ikapeti ozu\u015fi p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019ape\u015fa k\u2019arta gzaten nodgitun…. TKF-k entepe \u015feni, huk\u2019uk\u2019u\u015fi speros mtelot ar emsaloba; nenape mutepe\u015fi oxmaru do k\u2019ult\u2019urape mutepe\u015fi o\u00e7\u2019andu do oguri\u015fi sperope mtelot ar oxo\u015fkvoba… ak\u2019vandeps. (11. madde)\u201d<\/p>\n MAZ\u2019\u0130RALOBAPE Arkaburi M. Recai Ozgunik antepe zop\u2019ont\u2019u: \u201c\u2026E\u00e7idovitoni 3\u2019anapes, n3\u2019opulapes i3\u2019opxinet\u2019u 3\u2019k\u2019ondoba do O3\u2019oranoba\u015fi K\u2019erk\u2019eli, M\u00e7\u2019itatuta\u015fi K\u2019erk\u2019eli\u2026 steri coxopeten… Entepe\u015f doloxe \u201cLazuri Na\u011far\u011falapanpe K\u2019ala Ok\u2019vak\u2019idinoba\u015fi K\u2019erk\u2019eli\u201d yado ar k\u2019erk\u2019eli \u00e7kva kort\u2019u. Ma, maotxani do maxutani k\u2019lasis na vort\u2019i vaxtis, em k\u2019erk\u2019ele\u015fi dudmaxvencoba na p\u2019eret\u2019i, kom\u015funs… Am dulya… feidoni rt\u2019u yado oceruten vikipt\u2019it. Mamgurepeti, mamgurapalepeti Lazi cinci\u015fen rt\u2019es do Turkuli mutepe\u015fi, meramepe mutepe\u015fi otkus na var duba\u011fut\u2019u k\u2019onari ok\u2019oxveri rt\u2019u do emu\u015feni…\u201c<\/p>\n \u201cLazuri Na\u011far\u011falapanpe K\u2019ala Ok\u2019vak\u2019idinoba\u015fi K\u2019erk\u2019eli\u201ds na mi\u011fut\u2019u dulyape \u00e7kimiti var oxoma3\u2019onet\u2019u. Ho, n3\u2019opulas iqu; Lazuri na \u011far\u011falept\u2019espe\u015fa vu\u00e7\u2019ere\u011fupt\u2019i, mara oxori\u015fa mopta\u015fi, oput\u2019e\u015fa e\u015fapta\u015fi, \u00e7kar Turkuli na var u\u00e7kit\u2019u nandidi, p\u2019ap\u2019uli, manz\u2019ageris vun\u00e7\u2019apt\u2019i. Dulya a\u015fo iqvu\u015fi, mati entepe k\u2019ala Lazuri b\u011far\u011falapt\u2019i… Ar bere\u015fi jurnunk\u2019oni omordinus na un\u00e7\u2019asen dido p\u2019at\u2019i ar dulya. Emu\u015f met\u2019a, \u201cLazuri mo \u011far\u011falapt\u201d \u015fo otku, \u201cTkvan p\u2019ot\u2019e mo \u011far\u011falapt\u201d \u015fo otkuten artneri mana u\u011fut\u2019u. Entepes var u\u00e7kit\u2019es \u00e7kar mutu nena, Lazuri\u015fen met\u2019a do emu\u015feni. A\u015fo ar oteklifu, entepe \u011fnosi \u00e7kimi\u015fen go\u015fit\u2019ilupt\u2019es do oqvirobaten iz\u2019i3apt\u2019es. Aya rt\u2019u ar didi umemskvanoba. Bereluri \u015furi \u00e7kimis na aqvert\u2019u umemskvanobaloni ognapapek gza mom\u00e7apt\u2019u am temape\u015fi mu\u015fenobape oxo3\u2019onu\u015fa, mara var maz\u2019iret\u2019u oxo3\u2019onapa\u015fi gzati. Am tematen ma mi\u011fut\u2019u xali jurnunk\u2019unoba rt\u2019eren steri, bz\u2019iropt\u2019i. Edo a3\u2019i na m\u015funs k\u2019onari, onc\u011fore maqvet\u2019u do mep\u00e7\u2019irdut\u2019i.\u201d<\/p>\n Art\u2019a\u015fenuri Mecit \u00c7akirustakti a\u015fo mi3\u2019umernan: \u201c\u20261930-oni 3\u2019anapes, ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019apuroni\u015fi gamantana\u2026 maqu. N3\u2019opulas, Lazuri o\u011far\u011falu u\u015finu rt\u2019u. Xvalot n3\u2019opulas var, n3\u2019opula\u015f galeti var i\u011far\u011falinasunt\u2019u. Aya oguru \u015feniti, namtini mamgurepe\u015fen mitxanepe kort\u2019u. Mamgurapalek, Lazuri na \u011far\u011falapt\u2019u mitxanepe oz\u2019iruten ti-mu\u015fi\u015fa entepe\u015fi coxope na nu\u011fapt\u2019u berepes bax\u015fi\u015fi me\u00e7apt\u2019u do mamgurepe\u015fa mxuci me\u00e7apt\u2019u maispionoba \u015feni. Lazuri na \u011far\u011falapt\u2019u mamgurepe baxupt\u2019u mamgurapalek, xolo mamgurepes na oxvenapapt\u2019u txiri\u015f nca\u015fen noxvene \u00e7\u2019epxepeten xe\u015fgurepe \u00e7kinis ge\u00e7apt\u2019u varna k\u2019itepe \u00e7kini ok\u2019omk\u2019atupt\u2019u do e\u015fo bu3xape \u00e7kini cedveliten zap\u2019up\u2019t\u2019u. Am gza do o\u011fodapek na domixvu psikologiuri zararepeten mtel skidala \u00e7kimi\u015fi morgvali qal-gelakteri dopskidi do k\u2019abaxat\u2019onoba do xark\u2019oba mtel vaxtis maqvasunt\u2019u. Var moma\u00e7itinasunt\u2019u\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n 1939-s dobaderi Xopuri Munir Yilmaz Avci\u015f go\u015finupeti a\u015fo ren: \u201c… N3\u2019opula na goin3\u2019k\u2019u nd\u011fas, mamgurapale \u00e7kinik n3\u2019opulas Lazuri o\u011far\u011falus u\u015finu na gedvu k\u2019ala o\u011far\u011falu\u015fi xali domik\u2019vatines. Mara \u015furi o\u015fvanu\u015fi orapes, mamgurapale\u015fen mendra na vort\u2019it sotxanepes Lazuri ma\u011far\u011falet\u2019es tol-gon3\u2019k\u2019imerot\u2026 Tabi em oras mamgurapalek na no\u00e7\u2019opu mamgurepesti ceza ni\u00e7inet\u2019u, omt\u2019inu\u015fi gza var t\u2019u. (…) Am didi ok\u2019vak\u2019idina\u015fen mamgurapale gecgineri na gamaxtu\u015fi otku var dva\u00e7\u2019irs elbet!<\/p>\n 1944-s dobaderi Vi3\u2019uri Nurdo\u011fan Demirikti a\u015fo \u00e7\u2019arups em 3\u2019anape \u015feni: \u201c\u2026Em 3\u2019ana \u00e7kimis, var mi\u00e7kit\u2019u Lazuri\u015fen met\u2019a nenapeti na rt\u2019u. Lazuri var b\u011far\u011falamint\u2019u mara em oras mu nenaten b\u011far\u011falamint\u2019u?! Varna mamgurapale \u00e7kinik na \u011far\u011falapt\u2019u nenaten-i b\u011far\u011falamint\u2019es. \u00c7kimi toliten, mamgurapalepek dido mskva \u011far\u011falapt\u2019es Turkuli nena. Gon3\u2019k\u2019imerot ptkvana, toli domiskidut\u2019es. Murenki em nena\u015fen \u00e7kim na mi\u00e7kit\u2019es tkvalape var t\u2019u viti\u015fen met\u2019a. Edo a\u015fopeten am dulya mu\u00e7\u2019o\u015fi naqonasunt\u2019u? Em vaxtepes, \u00e7kini \u015feni \u201cLazuri mo \u011far\u011falapt\u201d \u015fo otku, \u201cP\u2019ot\u2019e mo \u011far\u011falapt\u201d \u015fo otkuten artneri mengapobas rt\u2019u. \u0130ptineri vaxtepes nenape \u00e7kini domink\u2019ileret\u2019es. Unenoni kodopskideret\u2019it. \u2026\u201c<\/p>\n AR P\u2019ART\u2019\u0130UR\u0130 D\u0130KT\u2019AT\u2019OROBA Antepe\u015fen iptineri ren CHP-\u015fi Manisa\u015fi dep\u2019ut\u2019at\u2019i M. S. Toprak. 1938-\u015fi 3\u2019anas na me\u00e7u k\u2019ano\u015fi\u015fi p\u2019roekt\u2019iten beciti ar misali 3\u2019opxups. Am p\u2019roekt\u2019is unt\u2019u, Turki dobadonam\u015finepek gale mteloras Turkuli \u011far\u011falas varna 1 nd\u011fa\u015fen 7 nd\u011fa\u015fakis xapisi do 10 k\u2019uru\u015fi\u015fen 100 k\u2019uru\u015fi\u015fakis ge\u00e7\u2019areli\u015fi ceza ni\u00e7inas. Antepe\u015fi dip\u2019lomapesti xe gidvinasunt\u2019u do hekimoba, mamgurapaloba varna magazetaloba var axvenasunt\u2019es. Ceza oqopinot na ik\u2019orobinasunt\u2019u ge\u00e7\u2019arelepe\u015fen ar fin\u00e7\u2019ati maixbarepe\u015fa ni\u00e7inasunt\u2019u mukafati oqopinot. Xolo am p\u2019roekt\u2019iten, Turkuli na var u\u00e7kit\u2019u Turki dobadonam\u015finepe mecburi rt\u2019es Turkuli oguru\u015fa ar 3\u2019ana\u015fi doloxe. Varna Turki dobadonam\u015finoba\u015fen geit\u2019k\u2019o\u00e7inasunt\u2019es.<\/p>\n CHP-\u015fi Ant\u2019alia\u015fi dep\u2019ut\u2019at\u2019i R. Kaplanikti Meclisis a\u015fo \u011far\u011faleret\u2019u: \u201c… Namtini mitxanepe dido uonc\u011foroni o\u011foduten Turki milleti var \u015finupan. Oxoris na unonan nenaten a\u011far\u011falenan. Mara \u00e7kvalepe na renan sotxanepes\u2026 namtini Turki dobadonam\u015finepek na \u011far\u011falapan nena Turkuli var ren. Ey dobadonam\u015fine, egere Turki dobadonam\u015fine rena, Turki\u015fi nena \u015fini. Si na dodgitur sotxanepes na renan Turkepesti guri mo no\u00e7\u2019vap \u2026\u201d<\/p>\n P\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri avt\u2019orit\u2019e na oka\u00e7aps CHP-\u015fi ar p\u2019art\u2019iuri dikt\u2019at\u2019orobak Turkia\u015fi nananenape var \u015finu do antepe\u015fi mek\u2019arbinu \u015feniti, k\u2019arta gza 3adu. CHP-\u015fi 9. Biuro\u015fk\u2019elen, 1940-omi 3\u2019anapes 3\u2019opxineri ar rap\u2019orik xvala am nenape\u015fa nam toliten na i3\u2019k\u2019edinet\u2019u k\u2019aixe\u015fa var o3\u2019iraps, p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri avt\u2019orit\u2019e\u015fi am nenape \u015feni na rt\u2019u, gagnapa mu\u015fiti mk\u2019ulot oxo3\u2019onapaps. Am rap\u2019orik, nananena mutepe Turkuli\u015fen met\u2019a na rt\u2019u, murenki \u00e7\u2019it\u2019a k\u2019erk\u2019elot na skidunan Muslimani dobadonam\u015finepe \u015feni ambari me\u00e7apt\u2019u. Mtelot na skidurt\u2019es \u015feni, ti mutepe\u015fi nena do adetepe \u00e7umert\u2019es am k\u2019erk\u2019elepe i\u015finet\u2019u p\u2019ot\u2019en3iuri o\u015fkurinoba. Mesela Lazepe, sinorepe\u015fi \u011fvarepe\u015fen doloxoni t\u2019erit\u2019oriape\u015fa dobarginu, mtelot oskedinu mutepe\u015fi ge\u011fobu, aya var iquk\u2019on na, iri\u015fen xampa do me\u00e7amura oput\u2019epe\u015fen ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019uten akona\u015fepes o\u015fi\u015fen jurne\u00e7idoviti nispet\u2019iten Turkepe dobarginu do n3\u2019opulape\u015fi gon3\u2019k\u2019u \u015feni \u011fnosi ni\u00e7inet\u2019u.<\/p>\n Murenki am 3\u2019anapes, Turkuli nenati, ti mu\u015fi\u015fi nananenati k\u2019aixe\u015fa \u00e7kineri, ti mu\u015fite meqoneri, ti mu\u015fi k\u2019ala mo3\u2019qvineri, gomorgva mu\u015fi k\u2019ala uderdoni, na mrakups, cank\u2019ap\u2019et\u2019i do xelineri dobadonam\u015fine konamrat\u2019u; and\u011faneris na var nungapt\u2019u ar dobadona konak\u2019idunat\u2019u. 1 3\u2019ana\u011fani 1929 tari\u011fis oxandus na ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019u Milleti\u015fi Mektebepeten ar gza konamrinat\u2019u. Amu\u015fen met\u2019a; em p\u2019eriodis aliansi \u00e7kini na rt\u2019u Sovieturi dobadona\u015fi mxuci kona\u00e7\u2019opinat\u2019u. Sovieturi dobadona k\u2019ala, \u00e7kini dobadonasti na i\u011far\u011falinen Abazuri, Adi\u011furi, K\u2019abardayuri, Kara\u00e7ay-Balkaruli nena, Osuri, \u00c7e\u00e7enuri, \u0130ngu\u015furi, Avaruli, Lazuri d\u00e7. A\u011fan \u00c7\u2019areli Nenapeten, nd\u011faz\u2019ireroba na u\u011fut\u2019u Sovietepe\u015fi omxvacu dido fursat\u2019i rt\u2019u Turkia\u015fi nananenaluri derdi olagu \u015feni. 1950: A\u011eAN\u0130 AR P\u2019ER\u0130OD\u0130 3\u2019oxle oxtimus na ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019u arm3ikaloni indust\u2019ria do xalk\u2019is me\u00e7amu na unt\u2019u arabesk\u2019uri k\u2019ap\u2019it\u2019alist\u2019uri skidala\u015fi gza k\u2019ala artot; omraluri, k\u2019ult\u2019uruli do nenaluri doloxoskidinobape na \u00e7umert\u2019u do entepe k\u2019ala mu\u015fi naqonoba\u015fa gza na me\u00e7apt\u2019u svalonobapeti, na dodgiturt\u2019es raionepe\u015fi mu\u015fiurobapeten, k\u2019ap\u2019ineri varna arm3ika k\u2019ap\u2019ineri ar ok\u2019oxvu\u015fi p\u2019eriodis amaxtes. Am svalonobape\u015fen dulya, cansa\u011foba do ok\u2019au \u015feni didi no\u011fape\u015fa oxtimu-moxtimupe manz\u2019inu\u015fi; am svalonobapes Turkuli ok\u2019itxu-o\u00e7\u2019aru\u015fi nispet\u2019epe ma\u011falinu\u015fi; gazeta, radio do t\u2019eleviziape\u015fi \u00e7\u2019andinapek im\u00e7iranu\u015fi, svalonobape\u015f go\u015fabginu\u015fi p\u2019ro3esi na rt\u2019u\u015fen met\u2019ati i\u015furisanu. Am go\u015fab\u011fupekti nananenape\u015fen omendranu, nananenape\u015fi ond\u011fulu\u015fi p\u2019ro3esi nusebebu. Ar nananena\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepe\u015fi nak\u2019onoba do na i\u011far\u011falinet\u2019u raioni\u015fi indust\u2019rialuri t\u2019erit\u2019oria\u015fa na u\u011fut\u2019u mendranoba varna xolosonoba, em nena\u015fen omendranu do ond\u011fulu\u015fi dereces nusebebu. Umosi \u00e7\u2019it\u2019a do\u00e7\u2019k\u2019indinoni, dido mogapa do so3ialuri hak\u2019k\u2019epe na oxaziru modernuri skidala k\u2019ala o\u00e7inuk, svalonoba\u015fen ar\u015fvacis mo\u00e7ituten didi no\u011fape\u015fa oxtimu\u015fi p\u2019ro3e\u015fi o\u015furisanuten var doskidu, svalonobasti svalonoba\u015fen mo\u00e7itu steri ar p\u2019aradoksuli xali yo\u00e7kindu. \u015eurik; na dibadu, na omralu, na iz\u2019\u011fu, \u011eormoturi skidala k\u2019ala na ok\u2019oik\u2019atu, na oxva3\u2019onu do na isimadu steri var, \u00e7xant\u2019eroba mu\u015fis toli na u\u011fut\u2019u mara mu na ort\u2019u, na var u\u00e7kit\u2019u ar skidalas men\u00e7\u2019inu k\u2019ala ibodert\u2019u. K\u2019ap\u2019it\u2019alizmak aya o3\u2019irapt\u2019u; \u015furi amus nim3xinasunt\u2019u. Modernuri skidalas men\u00e7\u2019u\u015fi gagnapak \u015furis nutetik\u2019u astaxolo svalonoba\u015fen mo\u00e7itus. Umuteloba mu\u015fi\u015fi sebebi \u015feniti, na iskedinen svalonoba\u015fi ek\u2019askinoba\u015fi sebebi \u015feniti, Mp\u2019oli\u015fa umen\u00e7\u2019uten astaxolo \u201cdidi k\u2019o\u00e7i\u201d uoqopinu\u015fi sebebi \u015feniti, z\u2019iropt\u2019u mu\u015fi nananena bekiti k\u2019o\u00e7ik. Murenki Mp\u2019olis var aqvasunt\u2019u k\u2019o\u00e7is ar sapulati.<\/p>\n Amusteri ar p\u2019ro3esi\u015fi doloxendo gamaxtuten, qini lima\u015fi \u00e7odinas, 1991 3\u2019ana\u015fi \u00e7odinapas nin\u00e7\u2019i\u015finu. Aya rt\u2019u a\u011fani ar p\u2019eriodi\u015fi ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019ala. Am ora\u015fakis oskedinus gecgineri nananenape xoloti koren na; xoloti ma\u011far\u011fale mitxanepe uqonunan na do k\u2019ap\u2019et\u2019i dobadona\u015fskirepe uqonunan na, i\u015finaxinenan, ipukirinenan do moxtasneri nd\u011falepe\u015fa itirinenan.<\/p>\n TURK\u0130A\u015e\u0130 NANANENAPE And\u011faneri nd\u011fas 3\u2019orot var ma\u00e7kinenan entepe\u015fi nak\u2019onoba. Mara, dobadona \u00e7kinis vitepeten nananena i\u011far\u011falinen ya otku \u00e7ilata var iqven. Ak\u2019o nena na i\u011far\u011falinen dobadonas, ofi3ialuri k\u2019idalapekti var qves; var ikipan am nananenape\u015fi originali mat\u2019eriali ok\u2019orobu\u015f dulyape. Emu\u015fen met\u2019a; Turkias na i\u011far\u011falinen nananenape\u015fi envant\u2019eruli dulyape na ikips ar k\u2019idalati var ren. P\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri xemo\u015fletinoba\u015fi gagnapa a\u015fo iqva\u015fi, k\u2019ai guroni mitxanepek am speros na ikipan xvenape fant\u2019azia\u015fen met\u2019a mutu var iqven; entepe\u015fa int\u2019eresi var iqven ve mutu\u015fati mxuci var me\u00e7aps. Am xvenape mutepe\u015fi, reak3ionerepe\u015fk\u2019elen mt\u2019erobaten na i\u015finenti, mo gomo\u00e7\u2019k\u2019ondan. Turkia\u015fi nananenape\u015fa, uz\u2019iroba do jurp\u2019icinobapeten na nidgitinen, guri\u015f\u00e7\u2019viniten bz\u2019iropt.<\/p>\n And\u011fa na moptit p\u2019unkt\u2019is, Turkia\u015fi nananenape ar u\u00e7kinoba\u015fi doloxe renan, irk\u2019ele mutepe\u015fiten. Am u\u00e7kinoba\u015fi dudari mu\u015fenoba, mana mo bgorat, tema \u015feni p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri xemo\u015fletinobas na u\u011fut\u2019u \u00e7ilata gagnapa ren ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019ala\u015fen doni. Majura k\u2019ele, \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva 3ivili ini3iat\u2019orepesti var nan\u00e7\u2019ines, na dva\u00e7\u2019irs steri, nananena\u015fi tema\u015fa do var az\u2019ires feidoni gzalepe emu\u015fa. Tema, \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva k\u2019elepe mu\u015fi k\u2019ala artot var na3\u2019oneren; var na3\u2019onen. Am o3\u2019onobape\u015fa na nodgitun iri\u015fen beciti ondi soti, p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri xemo\u015fletinoba\u015fi gagnapa do k\u2019anonuri \u011foberepe var ren. Gurozdoba didobaten nananena na i3\u2019onen t\u2019erminepe\u015fen gamulun. Turkia\u015fi nananenape\u015f tema\u015fa ar gza na var iz\u2019irinu\u015fi dudari mu\u015fenobape, ar k\u2019ele\u015fen p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri xemo\u015fletinoba\u015fi ginz\u2019e p\u2019eriodoni do negat\u2019iuri gagnapa do xoloti mu\u015fi na elabars ixi, ar k\u2019ele\u015fen am mu\u015fenobaten nananena\u015fi temas inst\u2019it\u2019ut\u2019iluri k\u2019ult\u2019uruli ar gagnapa ugamaxtimu, ar k\u2019ele\u015fen p\u2019roblema 3\u2019ori t\u2019erminepeten u3\u2019onu, renan. Gza na var az\u2019irinu\u015fi ar\u00e7kva mu\u015fenobati, k\u2019arta nananenas artneri toli do \u011firsobaten na var o3\u2019k\u2019en, Turkuli\u015fi gale ar nananena\u015fi dudo\u00e7valoba na ikips namtini 3ivili ini3iat\u2019orepe\u015f nananena\u015fi \u015fovinist\u2019oba ren. Ar nananena na u\u00e7kin\u015fi iddiaten am nena\u015fi madudo\u00e7valobaten na i\u00e7inen namtini mitxanepekti Turkia\u015fi dido nenaloba\u015fa na dodgitun iri\u015fen seriozuli ar teri 3\u2019opxupan. 3\u2019ori nenaten, nananenape o\u00e7valu, o\u015finaxu, opukirinu do moxtasneri tasepes k\u2019idalaten na\u015fkvu steri ar vizia do misia var u\u011funan entepes; entepek tema ixmarnan mtelot \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva xalepeten. Majura k\u2019ele, nananena\u015fi tema i\u011far\u011fala\u015fi, amusteri ok\u2019oxtalapes icoxinen, p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri xemo\u015fletinoba\u015fa na nodgitun gagnapa mutepe\u015fiten na i\u00e7kinen, tema\u015fi k\u2019idemoni namtini maak\u2019ademepek galendo moxtimeri t\u2019erminepe oxmaruten, Turkuli\u015fa gokteri t\u2019ekst\u2019epe\u015fen na ezdu ginz\u2019e burmepe do umoxva misalepe oz\u2019iruten, nananena\u015f tema\u015fi gomorgvas ekolen-akolen oxtimu-moxtimuten; tema\u015fi o3\u2019onu do gza o3\u2019irus var umxvacupan, \u011fnositi umosi no\u015fa\u015fupan. Speros oxandu entepes \u00e7kar var gva\u015finenan.<\/p>\n (D\u0130E) Xe3ala\u015fi \u0130st\u2019at\u2019ist\u2019ik\u2019a\u015fi \u0130nst\u2019it\u2019ut\u2019i\u015fk\u2019elen ambarepe na ignapinu \u00e7odina nak\u2019onoba\u015fi ok\u2019oro3xu 1965-s xveneri ren. Turkias na i\u011far\u011falinen nenape e\u015fo ik\u2019lasifi3ireret\u2019u:<\/p>\n a)<\/b> Turkuli D\u0130E-k \u201c\u0130slamuri Arm3ikoba\u015fi Nenape\u201d na gedvu nananenape\u015f galeti, majura nananenape koren yado otku\u015fi vore. Turkias xveneri nak\u2019onoba\u015fi ok\u2019oro3xinupes p\u2019ot\u2019e u\u015finu, ma na m\u015funs nananenape a\u015fo ren: P\u2019ont\u2019usuri, Xem\u015finuri, Ubixuri, Vainaxuri (\u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015furi), Asetinuri (Osuri), Avaruli, Lezguri, K\u2019umuk\u2019uri, Gazi K\u2019umuk\u2019uri (Lak\u2019uri), Darguri, Kara\u00e7ay-Balkarialuri nena, Uyguruli, Tataruli, K\u2019irgizuri, K\u2019azak\u2019uri, Ozbek\u2019uri, Nogayuri. Antepe\u015fen met\u2019a artneri \u00e7\u2019ara na paups Suryanuriti mo gomo\u00e7\u2019k\u2019ondut\u2019an.<\/p>\n EDO AND\u011eANER\u0130 ND\u011eAS Nananena\u015fi o3\u2019odobapes am t\u2019erminepe bz\u2019iropt didobaten. T\u2019erminepe\u015fi ont\u2019aleroba iz\u2019iren. \u201cGamantana\u201d-i? \u201cDogurinu\u201d-i? \u201cOguroba\u201d- i? \u201cGamantana-oguroba\u201d-i? \u201cNana nena\u201d-i? \u201cNananena\u201d-i? \u201cNananenaten oguroba\u201d-i? \u201cNananena\u015fi gamantana\u201d-i? \u201cNananenaten gamantana-oguroba\u201d-i? \u201cNananena\u015fi gamanta-oguroba\u201d-i? \u201cSvalonuri nena\u201d-i? \u201cMu\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepe (umosi) arm3ika na renan nenape\u201d-i? \u201cEtnik\u2019uri nena\u201d-i? \u201cTurki dobadonam\u015finepe\u015fi nd\u011faluri skidalas t\u2019radi3iulot na ixmarnan \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva nena do dialekt\u2019epe\u201di? \u00c7kvado\u00e7kva nena do dialekt\u2019epe\u201d-i? \u201cK\u2019evmi\u015fi nena\u201d-i? \u201cArm3ikoba\u015fi nena\u201d-i? \u201cRaionuri nena\u201d-i? \u201cMajura xalk\u2019epe\u015f ti-mutepe\u015fi\u015fi nenape\u201d-i? \u201cRaioni\u015fi nena\u201d-i? \u201cRaionis nak\u2019onobaten dido na renanpe\u015fi nena\u201d-i? \u201cRaioni\u015fi nananena\u201d-i? \u201cU\u015finu nananenape\u201d-i?<\/p>\n Tema \u00e7kini na ren nenape me\u011firu \u015feni, \u201cTurkuli\u015fi Gale Nananenape\u201d, am nenapes mxuci me\u00e7amu \u015feni na ixvenen dulyapesti \u201cNananena Dogurinu\u201d, \u201cNananena Oguru\u015fi Hak\u2019k\u2019i\u201d steri t\u2019erminepe\u015fi oxmaru, 3\u2019ori ren yado vicer; a\u015fotenti ixmarinas yadoti gza vo3\u2019irap.<\/p>\n Avrop\u2019a\u015fi Artobas oxom\u00e7\u2019k\u2019inu\u015fi p\u2019eriodis DSP-MHP-ANAP-\u015fi xe3alak na noxaziru \u201c\u00c7kvado\u00e7kva k\u2019anonepes ktiroba oxvenu \u015feni k\u2019anoni (K\u2019anoni\u015fi nomeri: 4771; Ok\u2019abulu\u015fi tari\u011fi: 03.08.2002- Ofi3ialuri gazeta: 09.08.2002- 24841) oxandus na koge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019u\u015f k\u2019ule \u201cTurki dobadonam\u015finepek nd\u011faluri skidalas t\u2019radi3iulot na ixmarnan \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva nena do dialekt\u2019epe\u015fi oguroba \u015feni oktaluroba\u201d (Ofi3ialuri gazeta: 20.09.2002- 24882) do \u201cTurki dobadonam\u015finepek nd\u011faluri skidalas t\u2019radi3iulot na ixmarnan \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva nena do dialekt\u2019epeten na ixvenasunon radio do t\u2019eleviziape\u015fi \u00e7\u2019andinape \u015feni oktaluroba\u201dti (25.01.2004 -25357) oxandus koge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019u.<\/p>\n Ho, aya rt\u2019u k\u2019ai dulya. Mara, am dulya samimurot uxveneri astaxolo oxoi3\u2019oninu \u201cTurkuli\u015fi gale nananenape\u201d var mara \u201cTurki dobadonam\u015finepek nd\u011faluri skidalas t\u2019radi3iulot na ixmarnan \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva nena do dialekt\u2019epe\u201d steri ar t\u2019ermini oxmarinuk, temas nam toliten na o3\u2019k\u2019ert\u2019es\u015fen m\u00e7ire ambari me\u00e7aps. M\u00e7\u2019ipe vo3\u2019k\u2019edat na, \u201c\u015euris dogurinu\u201d var \u201c\u015euri\u015fk\u2019elen ogurinu\u201d yado ar t\u2019ermini ixmarineren. A3\u2019i\u015fakis misalepe mu\u015fi na go3\u2019irit dulyape do u\u015finupe\u015f k\u2019ule \u201c\u015euri\u015fk\u2019elen mu\u015febura ogurinu\u201d mu\u00e7\u2019o\u015fi iqvasunon? A\u015fo do amusteri k\u2019itxvalape doskidun uco\u011faboni. Am nananenape k\u2019ala artot na ixmarinen \u201cnena\u201d do \u201cdialekt\u2019i\u201d munoren? Ar nananena \u015feni, nena varna dialekt\u2019i ren yado mik gonk\u2019vatasunon?<\/p>\n DSP-MHP-ANAP-\u015fi xe3alak nananena \u015feni k\u2019anoni do oktalurobas na qu ktirapa\u015f k\u2019ule TRT-k, xvala Bo\u015fnak\u2019uri, Arabuli, K\u2019irmancuri, \u00c7\u2019erk\u2019esuri do Zazuri radio do t\u2019elevizia\u015fi \u00e7\u2019andape na qvasunt\u2019u, ignapinu. Xuti nananenaten radio do t\u2019elevizia\u015fi \u00e7\u2019andinapek koge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019u Bo\u015fnak\u2019uri nenaten, 7 Pukrik\u2019a 2004 Tuta\u00e7xas. Xveneri ofi3ialuri ognapa\u015fi tkvalaten, Bo\u015fnak\u2019uri, Arabuli, K\u2019irmancuri, \u00c7\u2019erk\u2019esuri do Zazuri rt\u2019u nananenape, namupeten TRT-k meqonerot \u00e7\u2019andinasunt\u2019u. TRT-\u015fi am nananenapeten \u00e7\u2019andinapes dva\u00e7\u2019irs k\u2019rit\u2019ik\u2019ape, entepe\u015fi t\u2019ekst\u2019epe \u015feni; entepe\u015fi vaxti \u015feni; na i\u00e7\u2019andinen saat\u2019epe \u015feni do \u00e7kvado\u00e7kvalepe \u015feni. Mara iri\u015fen 3\u2019oxle beciti tema ren, na i\u00e7\u2019andinasunt\u2019u nenape\u015fi nak\u2019onoba mu\u015feni xuti na rt\u2019u. TRT-k nam zomaten gonk\u2019vatu K\u2019irmancuri, Zazuri, Bo\u015fnak\u2019uri, Arabuli do \u00c7\u2019erk\u2019esuriten o\u00e7\u2019andu \u015feni? Aya var ma\u00e7kinenan. TRT-k D\u0130E-\u015fi rezult\u2019at\u2019epeten am nananenapeten o\u00e7\u2019andus gonk\u2019vatu yado isimadinen. Nananenape \u015feni k\u2019itxvalape, iri\u015fen \u00e7odina 1985 \u015fi nak\u2019onoba\u015fi ok\u2019oro3xus k\u2019itxeri na ren, mi\u00e7kinan. D\u0130E-k, nananenape\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepe na ognapu nak\u2019onoba\u015fi ok\u2019oro3xu 1965-s xveneri ren. 2000 \u015fi 3\u2019anas na ixvenu nak\u2019onoba\u015fi ok\u2019oro3xusti, nananena \u015feni k\u2019itxvala na var ik\u2019itxu \u015feni; TRT-k 1965 \u015fi nak\u2019onoba\u015fi ok\u2019oro3xus o3\u2019k\u2019edu-i? A3\u2019i ar kobz\u2019irat 1965 \u015fi nak\u2019onoba\u015fi ok\u2019oro3xu\u015fi rezult\u2019at\u2019epes: Nananena do majurani nena, Bo\u015fnak\u2019uri nena 57.209 \u015furik; \u00c7\u2019erk\u2019esuri 106.960 \u015furik do Arabuli 533.264 \u015furik \u011far\u011falapt\u2019u. Xolo artneri 3\u2019ana\u015fi rezult\u2019at\u2019epeten Lazuri 81.165 \u015furik; Kortuli 79.234 \u015furik; P\u2019omak\u2019uri 57.372 \u015furik; Albanuri 53.520 \u015furik do Abazuriti 12.399 \u015furik nananena varna majurani nena oqopinot \u011far\u011falapt\u2019u. Am k\u2019ore3xalapek mo3\u2019irapan, TRT-k na var o3\u2019k\u2019edu am nenapes, entepe\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepe\u015fi nak\u2019onobaten. Emoras TRT-\u015fi zoma mu rt\u2019u? P\u2019ot\u2019e var magures eya. Egere TRT-k Anatolia\u015fa emigrant\u2019ia nenape, yani Bo\u015fnak\u2019uri do \u00c7\u2019erk\u2019esuris o3\u2019k\u2019eduk\u2019on na, majura emigrant\u2019i nenape na renan Abazuri, Albanuri do P\u2019omak\u2019uristi o3\u2019k\u2019edasunt\u2019u. Egere TRT-k Anatolias ist\u2019oria k\u2019onari mcve\u015fi svaloni nenape, yani K\u2019irmancuri, Zazuri do Arabulis o3\u2019k\u2019eduk\u2019on na, Lazuri, Kortuli d\u00e7. nenapesti o3\u2019k\u2019edasunt\u2019u.<\/p>\n TRT-k am xuti nenaten na ikips \u00e7\u2019andinapas dva\u00e7\u2019irs k\u2019rit\u2019ik\u2019ape \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva k\u2019elepe\u015fen. Am \u00e7\u2019andinape beciti renan, p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri xemo\u015fletinobak am nenape na i\u00e7inops \u015feni. Murenki, TRT-k var o3\u2019k\u2019ederen ar toliten mtel nenapes. TRT-k na qu am jurnunk\u2019unoba do na var z\u2019iru majura nananenape \u015feni xoloti mutxanepe oxvenu isimadasunon na, \u00e7kinden mxuci na z\u2019irasen steri, Xem\u015finuri \u015feni Somexialuri; P\u2019ont\u2019usuri \u015feni Grek\u2019ialuri; Vaynauri (\u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015furi), Avaruli, Lezguri, K\u2019umuk\u2019uri, Gazi K\u2019umuk\u2019uri (Lak\u2019uri), Darguri, Kara\u00e7ay-Balkarialuri nena, Tataruli, Nogayuri do \u00c7\u2019erk\u2019esuri \u015feni Rusia\u015fi Federa3ia\u015fen; K\u2019irgizuri \u015feni K\u2019irgizist\u2019anuri; K\u2019azak\u2019uri \u015feni K\u2019azak\u2019ist\u2019anuri; Ozbek\u2019uri \u015feni Ozbek\u2019ist\u2019anuri; Uyguruli \u015feni \u00c7inuri; P\u2019omak\u2019uri \u015feni Bulgarialuri; Acemuri \u015feni \u0130ranuri; Arabuli \u015feni Surialuri; Albanuri \u015feni Albanialuri; Kortuli, Lazuri, Osuri do Abazuri \u015feni Kortust\u2019anuri lingvist\u2019epe\u015fen do radio do t\u2019elevizia\u015fi map\u2019rogramepe\u015fenti mxuci az\u2019iren.<\/p>\n GZA O3\u2019\u0130RAMUPE 3\u2019oxlenobaten, Turkia\u015fi majura nananenape\u015fi envant\u2019eri oxvenu\u015fi ren. Aya ixvenet\u2019a\u015fi, xvala Turkuli nena k\u2019ala \u00e7kar mzaxaloba na var u\u011funan nenape var, Azeruli, K\u2019azak\u2019uri, K\u2019irgizuri, Ozbek\u2019uri, Tataruli, Uyguruli steri nananenapesti o3\u2019k\u2019omilu\u015fi ren. Mi\u00e7kinan, nak\u2019onoba\u015fi ok\u2019oro3xupe\u015fi \u00e7odinapes coxo mutepe na moli\u015finen nananenape\u015fen minimurot jur faralobaten nananena Turkias i\u011far\u011falinen; entepe, coxo mutepeten do na ixmarinen raionepeten o\u00e7\u2019aru\u015fi ren. Na i3\u2019opxasunon k\u2019omisiapek am nananenape \u015feni Latinuri alboniten albonepe oxvenu\u015fi renan. Meqonerotti, iptineri dulya oqopinot minimurot viti \u015filya tkvaloni ar Turkuli leksik\u2019oni o3\u2019upxinu\u015fi ren do emutenti, am nananenape\u015fi leksik\u2019onepe o3\u2019opxinu\u015fi renan. Am leksik\u2019onepe (\u00e7kva albonepeti u\u011funan na, emuk\u2019ala artotti) Latinuri alboniten gama\u00e7kvinu\u015fi renan. \u0130ptineri et\u2019ap\u2019is, ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019apuroni n3\u2019opula\u015fi maartani k\u2019lasi\u015fi mamgurepe\u015fi xalepe\u015fa moxva p\u2019aramitepe\u015fi svarape do \u011fara\u015fi filmepe, radio do t\u2019elevizia\u015fi \u00e7\u2019andinapesti na axmarasunon ar xalis oxaziru\u015fi renan. Mtel antepe k\u2019ala artot, am nananenape \u015feni am dulyape na qvasen, yani; p\u2019a\u015fura\u015fi svarape, ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019apuroni mamgurepe\u015fi xali\u015fe moxva \u201cso3ialuri \u00e7kinape\u201d do \u201cfeni\u015fi \u00e7kinapa\u201c steri svarape, \u011fara\u015f filmepe, teat\u2019ruli xvenape, radio-t\u2019elevizia\u015fi p\u2019rogramape na xazirasen, ognapasen gazeta do jurnalepe na gamo\u00e7kvasen p\u2019ersoneli\u015fi oguroba \u015feniti gza me\u00e7amu\u015fi ren. Am p\u2019ersoneli\u015fi oguroba, am nenape \u015feni do\/varna dulyape na ikips manz\u2019ageri dobadonape\u015fi ak\u2019ademiuri p\u2019ersoneli\u015fenti feide iz\u2019irinasunon.<\/p>\n P\u2019ersoneli\u015fi oguroba \u015feniti, \u00e7\u2019areli, audiovizualuri, k\u2019arta mat\u2019eriali\u015fi oxazirinus na dva\u00e7\u2019irs mtel xarcepeti, tabi am dulyas na o3\u2019k\u2019edasen oxen3aluri k\u2019idalape\u015fi biucet\u2019i\u015fen me\u00e7amu\u015fi ren.<\/p>\n \u00c7OD\u0130NA TKVALE <\/span> FE\u0130DE Z\u2019\u0130REL\u0130 DUDAR\u0130 ODUDEPE<\/b> Bosfori\u015fi Universit\u2019et\u2019i\u015f So3ialuri Dulyape\u015fi K\u2019lubi Ali İhsan Aksamaz Babam Faik Aksamaz’a… GİRİŞ Anadil, siyasi değil insani bir konu. Ancak; bir anadilin yaşaması veya yok sayılarak yeryüzünden silinmesi siyasi kadroların sorumluluğundadır. Bugüne kadar birçok anadil tanımı yapılmıştır; yenileri de yapılabilir. Ben, burada, konumuz ile bağlantılı anadil terimini Türkiye’de, Türkçe dışında konuşulan ve yerel olan diğer anadiller ile ilgili olarak kullanıyorum. Türkiye’deki 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\n<\/i>
\nG\u0130R\u0130\u015e
\n<\/b>
\nAnadil, siyasi de\u011fil insani bir konu. Ancak; bir anadilin ya\u015famas\u0131 veya yok say\u0131larak yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden silinmesi siyasi kadrolar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcne kadar bir\u00e7ok anadil tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; yenileri de yap\u0131labilir. <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\n<\/b>
\nBurada, o d\u00f6nemde \u00f6\u011frenci ki\u015filerin tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131ndan aktarmalar yapaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu tan\u0131klar, o d\u00f6nemde bir yerellikte ya\u015famaktayd\u0131 ve anadilleri ise Lazca’yd\u0131. 1924 do\u011fumlu M. Recai \u00d6zg\u00fcn ve 1926 do\u011fumlu Mecit \u00c7ak\u0131rusta.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nYerellikteki bir anadile kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen bu ve benzeri insanl\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyenler bu cesareti, CHP\u2019nin tek parti diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. CHP\u2019nin tek parti diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6nelik nafaka ekonomisi ili\u015fkilerinin hakim oldu\u011fu ve farkl\u0131 anadillerin konu\u015fuldu\u011fu y\u00f6relerde ulusal sanayinin kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerini ve kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftiremedi. Yerel \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerini tasfiye edemedi. Bu sebeple de dilsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fal bir yok olu\u015f s\u00fcrecine s\u00fcr\u00fckleyemedi. Bunun yerine dilsel ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fal olmayan bir yol ile yani resmi ideoloji ve resmi tarih tezleri ile ortadan kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Burada iki CHP milletvekilinin, partilerinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131tan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini sizin ile payla\u015fmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nCHP\u2019nin tek parti diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, toplumsal hayat\u0131n hemen her alan\u0131nda derin yaralar a\u00e7t\u0131. \u00d6yle ki, 1950\u2019de iktidar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden CHP, toplum ruhunda a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralar ile sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. CHP sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, bu yaralar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 sar\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da, anadil konusu hi\u00e7 g\u00fcndeme gelmedi; akla gelmedi; sahiplenilmedi. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan yeni safla\u015fma ve ard\u0131ndan gelen So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi toplumsal dokuda meydana gelmi\u015f olan yaralar\u0131 gizlemek ile kalmad\u0131; bu yaralar\u0131 derinle\u015ftirdi; yeni yaralar a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nT\u00fcrk\u00e7e, g\u00fcndelik hayatta ortak anla\u015fma dilimizdir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinin de ortak anla\u015fma diliydi; H\u0131ristiyan, Musevi veya M\u00fcsl\u00fcman vatanda\u015flar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kendi anadillerini de konu\u015fuyordular; kullan\u0131yordular. \u00c7ok dillilik, Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinden T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne intikal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\nb) <\/b>\u201c\u0130slam Az\u0131nl\u0131k Dilleri\u201d: Abazaca, Acemce, Arap\u00e7a, Arnavut\u00e7a, Bo\u015fnak\u00e7a, \u00c7erkesce, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, K\u0131rmanca, K\u0131rda\u015f\u00e7a, Lazca, Pomak\u00e7a, Zazaca
\nc) <\/b>\u201cDi\u011fer Az\u0131nl\u0131k Dilleri\u201d: Ermenice, Yahudice, Rumca
\nd) <\/b>\u201cAnglo Sakson Dilleri\u201d: Almanca, Flamanca, \u0130ngilizce
\ne) <\/b>\u201cLatin Dilleri\u201d: Frans\u0131zca, \u0130spanyolca, \u0130talyanca
\nf) <\/b>\u201cSlav Dilleri\u201d: Bulgarca, \u00c7ek\u00e7e, H\u0131rvat\u00e7a, \u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e, Leh\u00e7e, Romence, Rus\u00e7a, S\u0131rp\u00e7a
\ng) <\/b>\u201cDi\u011fer Diller\u201d: Bilinmeyen<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nSo\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, \u00fclkemizin anadil konusunun tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile Bat\u0131 dillerinden bir\u00e7ok makale ve kitap T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye terc\u00fcme edildi. Ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki, ka\u015f yapay\u0131m derken g\u00f6z \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131; \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7eviriler ile birlikte bir s\u00fcr\u00fc uygun olmayan terim ya aynen ya da terc\u00fcme olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’ye girdi.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nKonuya taraf olan vak\u0131f, dernek ve ki\u015filerin de i\u00e7inde yer alaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zerk yap\u0131daki bir \u201cAnadillerini Planlama Kurumu\u201d n\u00fcve olarak bu anadil \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctebilir. Anadiller ile ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tek elden y\u00fcr\u00fctecek b\u00f6yle bir kurum \u00f6ncelikle olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kurum, anadillere ili\u015fkin olarak demokratik \u00f6zl\u00fc ve telafi edici genel bir y\u00f6netmelik haz\u0131rlamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, anadil konusu, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve bizim olan terimlerle tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131 ve bu alanda bir literat\u00fcr olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nBu anadiller, 1950\u2019lere kadar esas olarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin belirli b\u00f6lgelerindeki yerelliklerinde konu\u015fuluyorken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hemen her yerinde konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum mutlaka g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu anadiller g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011finde kimileri bu dilleri \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d sebebi olarak lanse etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Kimileri de bu anadil tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cK\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u201d \u00fczerinden yap\u0131yor. Bu anadiller, ne \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d sebebidir ne de \u201cK\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u201d T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki tek anadilidir. Anadil, 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde pedagojik bir konuydu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise hem hala bir pedagojik sorun hem de bir insan haklar\u0131 konusudur. Bu hakk\u0131, isteyen vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n hizmetine sunmak ise sosyal devletin \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olan ve son seksen y\u0131ldaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc olumsuz \u015farta ra\u011fmen, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fabilme becerisini g\u00f6steren bu anadiller, ister y\u00fcz ki\u015filik bir k\u00f6yde konu\u015fuluyor olsun, isterse de \u00e7ok daha fazla insan taraf\u0131ndan toplu veya da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u00e7ok daha geni\u015f yerle\u015fim birimlerinde ya\u015fat\u0131l\u0131yor olsun ayn\u0131 e\u015fitlikte gelece\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131nma hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n
\n– Akar, R\u0131dvan (1998): \u201cBir B\u00fcrokrat\u0131n Kehaneti Ya Da \u2018Bir Resmi Metinde Planl\u0131 T\u00fcrkle\u015ftirme D\u00f6nemi\u201d, Birikim, say\u0131 110, Birikim Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul.
\n– Aksamaz, Ali \u0130hsan (2003): \u201cDo\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de Resmi \u0130deolojiler Ku\u015fatmas\u0131, 1. Bask\u0131, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul.
\n– Aksamaz, Ali \u0130hsan, vd. (2005): \u201cAnadilde E\u011fitim ve Az\u0131nl\u0131k Haklar\u0131, 1. Bask\u0131, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul.
\n– Ayd\u0131n, \u0130smail (1997): \u201cSiyasi Parti ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Programlar\u0131nda E\u011fitim- \u00d6\u011fretim& \u00d6\u011fretmenler (1908- 1997), 1. Bask\u0131, E\u011fitim Sen Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 G\u00fcncel Sorunlar Dizisi, Ankara.
\n– Avc\u0131, Y\u0131lmaz (2002): \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7eyi Nas\u0131l \u00d6\u011frendik?\u201d, Yeni Kafkasya Gazetesi, say\u0131 3, \u0130stanbul.
\n– Bul, Melahat (2000): \u201cLazca ile M\u00fccadele Kolu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na Uzanan Bir Yol: M. Recai \u00d6zg\u00fcn\u201c Mjora, Say\u0131 1, \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131, \u0130stanbul.
\n– Demir, Nurdo\u011fan (21.02.2007): \u201cHayde Biga Ezdi Jile Bulurt\u201d, www.lazuri.com<\/span><\/a>
\n– D\u00fcndar, Fuat (1999): \u201cT\u00fcrkiye N\u00fcfus Say\u0131mlar\u0131nda Az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u201d, Doz Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul.
\n– \u201cKarde\u015fine Lazca Mezar Ta\u015f\u0131 Dikti\u201d (30.11.2007): www.pazar53.com<\/span><\/a>
\n– \u201cMisyonumuz\u201d (2006): www.kolkhoba.org<\/span><\/a>
\n– \u00d6zg\u00fcn, M. Recai (2003): \u201cOkulda Lazca Konu\u015fanlarla M\u00fccadele Kolundayd\u0131m\u201d, Yeni Kafkasya Gazetesi, say\u0131 8, \u0130stanbul.
\n– T\u00fcrkiye \u0130htilalci \u0130\u015f\u00e7i K\u00f6yl\u00fc Partisi Davas\u0131 Savunma (1974): 1. Bask\u0131, Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul.
\n– \u201cTBMM Lazca Yaz\u0131lan Dilek\u00e7eyi Ek Olarak Kabul Etti\u201d (16.12.2006): Faik Aksamaz\u2019\u0131n Dilek\u00e7esi, Star Gazetesi.
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span> Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Hizmet Kul\u00fcb\u00fc
\n6. \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Sempozyumu
\n27 Aral\u0131k 2007 Per\u015fembe – saat 14: 00
\nDemir Demirgil Salonu (\u00d6FB)
\n\u201cAnadil \u00d6\u011frenimi Hakk\u0131 ve \u00d6\u011fretimi\u201d konulu sempozyuma sunulan tebli\u011f<\/span><\/p>\n
\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/span><\/p>\n
\nGO3\u2019OTKVALE
\n<\/b>
\nNananena, p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri var adamuri ar tema ren. Murenki; ar nananena\u015fi oskidu varna moivaruten o\u011furinu, p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri k\u2019adrope\u015fi xes ren. And\u011fa\u015fakis uk\u2019ore3xaloni \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva oxo3\u2019onapalepe ixveneren nananena \u015feni; a\u011fanepe mu\u015fiti ixvenen. Ma, akona\u015fis, tema \u00e7kini\u015fa mek\u2019ireli nananena\u015fi t\u2019ermini, Turkias, Turkuli\u015fen ekole na i\u011far\u011falinen do svaloni na ren majura nananenape \u015feni vixmar. Turkia\u015fi nananenaluri temati, dudarot jur p\u2019eriodi do svalonoba\u015fi k\u2019ele\u015fen o3\u2019k\u2019omiluten go\u015fogoru 3\u2019ori iqvasunon yado visimadep. Maartani p\u2019eriodi ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019aps 1920-epe\u015fi majurani gverdi\u015fen do 1950-epe\u015fakis naqonops. Majurani p\u2019eriodikti, am tari\u011fi\u015fen DSP-MHP-ANAP-\u015fi xe3alak am nenape \u015feni iri\u015fen \u00e7odina don3\u2019urape na qu, 25 3\u2019ana\u011fani 2004 tari\u011fi\u015fakis naqonops. Nananenas, am jur p\u2019eriodi\u015fi doloxendo do svalonoba\u015fi \u011focepe\u015fen o\u011firu, temas t\u2019et\u2019eli toliten oz\u2019iramu, eya o\u011firu do ola\u011fu\u015fi gzape omralu \u015feni memi\u015fvelasunonan.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nAkona\u015fis, em p\u2019eriodis mamgure na rt\u2019u mitxanepe\u015fi maz\u2019iralobape\u015fen ognapape mi\u011fun. Am maz\u2019iralepe, am p\u2019eriodis, skidurt\u2019es ar svalonobas do nananena mutepe\u015fiti Lazuri rt\u2019u. 1924-s dobaderi M. Recai Ozguni do 1926-s dobaderi Mecit \u00c7akirusta.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nSvalonoburi ar nananenas nodgitu \u015feni na ixvenen do entepes na nungaps majura adamuri su\u00e7epe na qvespek, am guramoba (CHP) Xalk\u2019i\u015fi Resp\u2019ublik\u2019uri P\u2019art\u2019ia\u015fi ar p\u2019art\u2019iuri dikt\u2019at\u2019oroba\u015f oktalu\u015fi gagnapa\u015fen koz\u2019ires. (CHP) Xalk\u2019i\u015fi Resp\u2019ublik\u2019uri P\u2019art\u2019ia\u015fi dikt\u2019at\u2019orobas, nd\u011faluri skidala oskedinu \u015feni na ren me3\u2019k\u2019apura\u015fi ek\u2019onomia\u015fi artikartisobape menceloni na ren do \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva nenape na i\u011far\u011filenet\u2019u raionepes, na3ionaluri indust\u2019ria\u015fi k\u2019ap\u2019it\u2019alist\u2019uri omralu\u015fi artikartisobape do k\u2019idalapes gza var na\u00e7inu. Svalonuri omralu\u015fi artikartisoba var a\u00e7odinu. Am mu\u015fenobatenti nenaluri do k\u2019ult\u2019uruli \u00e7kvaneroba var atiru ar \u011eormoturi ye\u00e7\u2019k\u2019odinu\u015fa. Mara nenaluri do k\u2019ult\u2019uruli \u00e7kvaneroba, \u011eormoturi na var t\u2019u ar gzaten, yani ofi3ialuri ideologia do ofi3ialuri ist\u2019oriuri tezepeten mek\u2019arbinu 3adu. Akona\u015fis, jur CHP-uri dep\u2019ut\u2019at\u2019epe\u015fi simadape me\u00e7amu minon tkvanda, am p\u2019art\u2019ia\u015fi simadape na me\u011falups.<\/p>\n
\n<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nCHP-\u015fi ar p\u2019art\u2019iuri dikt\u2019at\u2019orobak, so3ialuri skidala\u015fi k\u2019arta speros k\u2019ut\u2019ali yarapes nusebebu. E\u015foki, 1950-s xe3ala mu\u015fi na gondunu CHP-k xalk\u2019oba\u015f \u015furis na nusebebu yarapek ok\u2019uleni p\u2019eriodepesti p\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019apes gza me\u00e7u. CHP ok\u2019uleni p\u2019eriodis, am yarape\u015fen namtinepe ok\u2019au \u015feni gza igorinu nati, nananena\u015fi tema \u00e7kar var i\u011far\u011falinu, \u011fnosis var moxtu; var imancelinu. Majurani kianuri lima \u015fk\u2019ule na ge\u00e7\u2019k\u2019u a\u011fani ok\u2019elenoba do ok\u2019uleti na moxtu qini lima\u015fi p\u2019eriodik so3ialuri xuras na qu yarape o\u015finaxuten var doskidu; am yarapeti nuk\u2019ut\u2019alu; a\u011fani yarapesti nusebebu.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nTurkuli ren \u00e7kini ok\u2019ootku\u015fi nena nd\u011faluri skidalas. Turkuli rt\u2019u ok\u2019ootku\u015fi nena Osmanuri dobadonasti; Krist\u2019iani, Musevuri varna Muslimani dobadonam\u015finepek Turkuli k\u2019ala ti-mutepe\u015fi nananenapeti \u011far\u011falapt\u2019es; ixmart\u2019es. Dido nananenaloba duskidu Turkia\u015fi Resp\u2019ublik\u2019as Osmanuri dobadona\u015fen.<\/p>\n
\nb)<\/b> \u201c\u0130slamuri Arm3ikoba\u015fi Nenape\u201d: Abazuri, Acemuri, Arabuli, Albanuri, Bo\u015fnak\u2019uri, \u00c7\u2019erk\u2019esuri, Kortuli, Kurduri, K\u2019irmancuri, K\u2019irda\u015furi, Lazuri, P\u2019omak\u2019uri, Zazuri
\nc)<\/b> \u201cMajura Arm3ikoba\u015fi Nenape\u201d: Somexuri, Yahuduri, Urumuri
\nd)<\/b> \u201cAnglosaksuri Nenape\u201d: Germanuri, Flamuri, \u0130nglisuri
\nf)<\/b> \u201cLatinuri Nenape\u201d: Fransuli, \u0130sp\u2019anuri, \u0130t\u2019aliuri
\ng)<\/b> \u201cSlavuri Nenape\u201d: Bulgaruli, \u00c7exuri, Xirvaturi, \u0130sve\u00e7uri, Lexuri, Romenuri, Rusuli, Sirburi
\nh)<\/b> \u201cMajura Nenape\u201d: Na var i\u00e7kinenpe<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nQini lima\u015f k\u2019uleni p\u2019eriodis, dobadona \u00e7kini\u015fi nananena\u015f tema\u015fi o3\u2019odu do ola\u011fus mxuci na me\u00e7asen\u015fi simadaten, Gulvaluri nenape\u015fen uk\u2019ore3xu st\u2019at\u2019ia do svara gokteri ren Turkuli\u015fa. Mara mu guri\u015f\u00e7\u2019vini\u015fxali renki, ofidi p\u2019aminonan yado, tolis zarari ni\u00e7inu; dido p\u2019at\u2019i goktirobapeten uk\u2019ore3xu umoxva t\u2019ermini varti artnerot vartiti gokterot amaxtu Turkulis.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nTema\u015fa k\u2019elenari na ren pondi, k\u2019erk\u2019eli do \u015furepekti na ak\u2019atasunon avt\u2019onomiuri ar mu\u015fiuroba na u\u011fun ar \u201cNananenape Op\u2019lanu\u015fi K\u2019idala\u201ds \u015fkaguronot am dulyape aktalen. Nananenape \u015feni na ixvenasunon mtel dulyape ar xe\u015fen na oktalasen a\u015fo ar k\u2019idala iri\u015fen 3\u2019oxle o3\u2019opxinu\u015fi ren. Am k\u2019idalak nananenape \u015feni, demok\u2019rat\u2019iuri guroni do matelafiuri generaluri ar oktaluroba oxaziru\u015fi ren. Amutenti, nananena\u015fi tema k\u2019aixe\u015fa na oxui3\u2019onen do \u00e7kini na ren t\u2019erminepeten o3\u2019odinu\u015fi ren do am sperosti ar lit\u2019erat\u2019ura o3\u2019opxinu\u015fi ren.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nAm nananenape, 1950-epe\u015fakis didopeten Turkia\u015fi namtini t\u2019erit\u2019oriapes ti-mutepe\u015fi\u015fi svalonobas i\u011far\u011falinet\u2019u, mara and\u011faneri nd\u011fas, a\u015fo-e\u015fo Turkia\u015fi mtel sotxanepes i\u011far\u011falinenan. Mu iqvas na iqvas; am xalis o3\u2019k\u2019omilu\u015fi ren. Am nananenape\u015fi tema i\u011far\u011falas\u015fi, namtinepe am nananenape \u201csep\u2019arat\u2019ist\u2019oba\u015fi\u201d sebebi yado ognapu\u015fi derdis renan. Namtinepekti ikipan nananena\u015fi k\u2019rit\u2019ik\u2019ape \u201cKurduri\u201dten. Am nananenape sep\u2019arat\u2019istoba\u015fi sebebiti var ren, \u201cKurduri\u201d Turkia\u015fi ar teri nananenati var ren. Nananena, 1930-oni 3\u2019anapes, didopeten p\u2019edagogiuri ar tema rt\u2019u. Mara and\u011faneri nd\u011fas, hem xolo ar p\u2019edagogiuri p\u2019roblema hemti adamuri hak\u2019k\u2019epe\u015fi tema ren. Aya na gorups dobadonam\u015finepe\u015fa me\u00e7amuti so3ialuri oxen3ala\u015fi beciti dulyape\u015fen ar teri ren. \u015eilyapeten ar mcve\u015foba na u\u011fun do \u00e7odina otxone\u00e7i 3\u2019anas na z\u2019ires p\u2019at\u2019i xalepe do xolo, and\u011faneri nd\u011fa\u015fa moxtimus gecgineri na renan am nananenape, ginon na, o\u015fi k\u2019o\u00e7oni ar oput\u2019es i\u011far\u011falinas, ginon nati, emu\u015fen met\u2019a k\u2019o\u00e7i\u015fk\u2019elen namtini svalonobas varna go\u015fob\u011ferot dido m\u00e7ire t\u2019erit\u2019oriapes i\u011far\u011falinas, artneri \u011firsobaten moxtasneri oz\u2019iru\u015fi hak\u2019k\u2019i u\u011funan.<\/p>\n
\n– Akar, Ridvan (1998): \u201cAr Burok\u2019rat\u2019i\u015fi K\u2019exanet\u2019i Varna Ar Ofi3ialuri T\u2019ekst\u2019is P\u2019lanoni Oturku\u015fi P\u2019eriodi\u201d, Birikim, nomeri 110, Gamam\u00e7kumala Birikim, Mp\u2019oli.
\n– Aksamaz, Ali \u0130hsan (2003): \u201cYulva U\u00e7azo\u011fa\u015fi T\u2019erit\u2019orias Ofi3ialuri Blok\u2019ada, 1. Gami\u00e7kva, Gamam\u00e7kumala Sorun, Mp\u2019oli.
\n– Aksamaz, Ali \u0130hsan do majurape (2005): \u201cNananenaten Gamantana do Arm3ikoba\u015fi Hak\u2019k\u2019epe, 1. Gami\u00e7kva, Gamam\u00e7kumala Sorun, Mp\u2019oli.
\n– Aydin, \u0130smail (1997): \u201cP\u2019olit\u2019ik\u2019uri P\u2019art\u2019ia do Xe3ala\u015fi P\u2019rogramapes Gamantana- Oguroba& Mamgurepale (1908- 1997), 1. Gami\u00e7kva, Gamam\u00e7kumala E\u011fitim Sen, Seria Akt\u2019ualuri P\u2019roblemape, Ank\u2019ara.
\n– Avci, Yilmaz (2002): \u201cMu\u00e7\u2019o\u015fi Vigurit Turkuli?\u201d, Gazeta Yeni Kafkasya, nomeri 3, Mp\u2019oli.
\n– Bul, Melahat (2000): \u201cLazuriten Ok\u2019vak\u2019idinoba\u015fi K\u2019erk\u2019eli\u015fi Dudmaxvencoba\u015fen Lazuri K\u2019ult\u2019ura\u015fi Go\u015fogoru\u015fa Na Nun\u00e7\u2019i\u015fun Ginz\u2019e ar Gza: M. Recai Ozgun\u201c Mjora, nomeri 1, Gamam\u00e7kumala \u00c7iviyazilari, Mp\u2019oli.
\n– Demir, Nurdo\u011fan (21.02.2007): \u201cHayde Biga Ezdi Jile Bulurt\u201d, lazuri.com<\/span><\/a>
\n– Dundar, Fuat (1999): \u201cTurkia\u015fi Nak\u2019onoba\u015fi Ok\u2019oro3xus Arm3ikape\u201d, Gamam\u00e7kumala Doz, Mp\u2019oli.
\n– \u201cCuma mu\u015fi\u015fi sapulas Lazuriten \u00e7\u2019areli kva gedvu\u201d (30.11.2007): pazar53.com<\/span><\/a>
\n– \u201cMisia \u00e7kini\u201d (2006): kolkhoba.org<\/span><\/a>
\n– Ozgun, M. Recai (2003): \u201cN3\u2019opulas Lazuri na \u011far\u011falapt\u2019upe k\u2019ala ok\u2019vak\u2019ida\u015fi k\u2019erk\u2019elis vort\u2019i\u201d, Gazeta Yeni Kafkasya, nomeri 8, Mp\u2019oli.
\n– Turkia\u015fi Maixtilale Madulye do Oput\u2019ari\u015fi P\u2019art\u2019ia\u015fi Dava\u015fi Dudo\u00e7vala (1974): 1. Gami\u00e7kva, Gamam\u00e7kumala Aydinlik, Mp\u2019oli.
\n– \u201cTBMM-k ik\u2019abulu Lazuriten \u00e7\u2019areli arzuxali mem3xanerot\u201d (16.12.2006): Faik Aksamazi\u015fi arzuxali, Gazeta Star.<\/p>\n
\n6. Adamuri Hak\u2019k\u2019epe\u015fi Simp\u2019oziumi
\n27 Xrist\u2019ana 2007 \u00c7a\u00e7xa – saat\u2019i 14: 00
\nDemir Demirgili\u015fi Saloni (OFB)
\n\u201cNananena Oguru\u015fi Hak\u2019i do Dogurinu\u201d temaloni simp\u2019oziumis na ni\u00e7inu \u00e7kinapa.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"