{"id":8925,"date":"2019-03-11T20:54:57","date_gmt":"2019-03-11T20:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=8925"},"modified":"2019-03-11T20:54:57","modified_gmt":"2019-03-11T20:54:57","slug":"diller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/diller\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u0130LLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Agop Dila\u00e7at
\n<\/span><\/b>T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Biraz daha bat\u0131ya kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrk dil ve leh\u00e7elerinin alan\u0131na girmi\u015f bir durumda, Kafkas dillerini buluruz. Bunlar \u00f6nce Kuzey ve G\u00fcney olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r, sonra Kuzey kolu da Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu olmak \u00fczere yine ikiye dallan\u0131r. En kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k b\u00f6lge ile Kuzeydo\u011fuda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. <\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00fcneyde, Kafkas dillerinin K’art’-vel toplulu\u011funda, d\u00f6rt dil ya\u015famaktad\u0131r: G\u00fcrc\u00fc (1 milyon 600 bin), Mingrel (300 bin, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131, Poti v.b). Laz (yerli ad\u0131: \u00c7’anuri nena, 160 bin ki\u015fi, g\u00fcneydo\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131), ve Svan (13 bin, Mingrelce’nin kuzey do\u011fusu). G\u00fcrc\u00fcce’nin ayr\u0131ca Imer, Gur (M\u00fcsl\u00fcman a\u011fz\u0131: Acar), Raca, Mt’iul, Hevsur, P\u015fav, T’u\u015f, \u0130ngiol, Kahet adlar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan leh\u00e7eleri vard\u0131r; as\u0131l K’art’vel leh\u00e7esi, Tiflis (Tbilisi) b\u00f6lgesinde konu\u015fulur. G\u00fcrc\u00fc dili V. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri \u00f6zel bir alfabeye sahip bir edebiyat dili olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkas dilleri toplulu\u011funa Abhaz-\u00c7erkes (Abasgo-Kerket) ad\u0131 verilir. Bu kolda \u00fc\u00e7 dil yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Adige, Wub\u0131h, ve Abhaz. Adige, Da\u011fl\u0131 veya Do\u011fu Adigece’si (Kabardi, yerli dilde Kabardey, 150 bin ki\u015fi) ve Ova veya Bat\u0131 Adigece’si (\u00c7erkes, yerli dilde K’yah) olmak \u00fczere ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Ova Adigece’sini konu\u015fanlar\u0131n hemen hepsi 1864-1865 tarihlerinde T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f, memlekette ancak 50 bin ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ova Adigece’si bir\u00e7ok leh\u00e7elere ayr\u0131l\u0131r: Shapsugh, Bjedugh, Hak’u\u00e7, Abzegh veya Abadezeh, Natukuay K’emirgoy veya Temirgoy, Besleney v.b. Kabardey dili, Kara\u00e7ay-Balkar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’sine kom\u015fudur. Wub\u0131h veya Wub\u0131h (yerli dilde a-Tw\u0131h; Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131, Tuapse’nin g\u00fcneyi; leh\u00e7eleri: Sahe ile Yardane), dilini konu\u015fanlar da 1864’te memleketimize g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015flerdir. Abhaz (yerli dilde Apcs\u015fwa, 70 bin ki\u015fi) dili \u015euhum dolaylar\u0131nda konu\u015fulur. K\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde Bz\u0131b, Ab\u015fuy, Samursakan denilen \u00fc\u00e7 leh\u00e7esi vard\u0131r; Abaza denilen leh\u00e7esi ise, daha geride, Kara\u00e7ay-Balkar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’sine kom\u015fu olan bir b\u00f6lgede konu\u015fulur.<\/p>\n

Kafkas dillerinin Kuzeydo\u011fu veya \u00c7e\u00e7en-Lezgi kolu iki ana dala ayr\u0131l\u0131r: Do\u011fu, ve Merkez. Merkez dal\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 dil vard\u0131r:
\n1) <\/b>Kuzeyde \u00c7e\u00e7en (300 bin ki\u015fi, yerli ad\u0131: Nah\u00e7uo; leh\u00e7eleri: A’uh ile \u00ee\u00e7keri), ile
\n2)<\/b> Ingu\u015f (70 bin, yerli ad\u0131: Cal\u011fay), g\u00fcneyde
\n3) <\/b>Bats’ (2 bin 500; eskiden yanh\u015f olarak buna T’u\u015f da denirdi; as\u0131l T’u\u015f, G\u00fcrc\u00fc dilinin bir leh\u00e7esidir).<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu dal\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131r:
\n<\/b>
\nI. Avar-Andi-Dido grupu:
\n<\/b>1) Avar (Da\u011f\u0131stan’da 250 bin ki\u015fi, yerli ad\u0131: Hhunzak’; leh\u00e7eleri: Huntsak’, \u00c7’ar; tarih\u00ee Avar T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’siyle bir ilgisi yoktur),
\n2) Andi (7 bin 700, yerli ad\u0131: K’u-annu),
\n3) Andi’ye ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck leh\u00e7eler alt’grupu, 24 bin ki\u015fi:
\na) Botlih,
\nb) Godoberi,
\nc) \u00c7amalal,
\nd) K’arat’a,
\ne) Ahwatl,
\nf) Kuanada veya Bagulal,
\ng) T’indi,
\n4) Dido alt-grupu (6 bin ki\u015fi):
\na) as\u0131l Dido,
\nb) JI\\var\u015fi,
\nc) Kapu\u00e7i;<\/p>\n

II. Lak’ veya Kazik\u0131\u0131muk (Orta Da\u011f\u0131stan’da 40 bin ki\u015fi);
\n<\/b>
\nIII. Dargwa grupu (Da\u011f\u0131stan ve dolaylar\u0131nda 125 bin ki\u015fi):
\n<\/b>1) As\u0131l Dargvva: leh\u00e7eleri:
\na) Aku\u015fa,
\nb) \u011eewa,
\nc) Tsudakar;
\n2) Kuba\u00e7i veya ‘Erbuk’ (2 bin 500 ki\u015fi)
\n3) Hurk’ili;<\/p>\n

IV. Ar\u00e7i (850 ki\u015fi);
\n<\/b>
\nV. Samur veya K’\u00fcri-T’abasaran grupu:
\n<\/b>1) Kuzeydo\u011fu alt-grupu (g\u00fcney Da\u011f\u0131stan’da 165 bin ki\u015fi; as\u0131l Lezgi’ler bunlard\u0131r):
\na) K’\u00fcri (leh\u00e7eleri: Ahti ile K\u00fcba),
\nb) A\u011ful,
\nc) T’abasaran (A\u011ful ile birlikte 30 bin ki\u015fi),
\n2) G\u00fcneydo\u011fu alt-grupu:
\na) Buduh (kuzey Azerbaycan’da 2 bin ki\u015fi),
\nb) Cek (kuzey Azerbaycan\u2019da 10 bin ki\u015fi; leh\u00e7eleri: Haputli veya Kriz),
\nc) Hinalug (kuzey Azerbaycanda 2 bin ki\u015fi),
\nd) Rut’ul veya Meh\u0131d (g\u00fcney Da\u011f\u0131stan’la K. Azerbaycan’da 12 bin ki\u015fi),
\ne) T\u015e’ahur (g\u00fcney Da\u011f\u0131stan’da 11 bin ki\u015fi);<\/p>\n

VI. Udi (kuzey Azerbaycan’da 2 bin 700 ki\u015fi).
\n<\/b>Kuzey Kafkas toplulu\u011fundan Adige, Abhaz, Avar, \u00c7e\u00e7en, Lak, K’\u00fcri, ve T’abasaran dilleri de \u015fimdi birer yaz\u0131 dili haline gelmi\u015ftir. Kafkas’larda, bug\u00fcn, Kafkas dillerinden ba\u015fka, bu dil toplulu\u011fundan olmayan baz\u0131 dillere de raslar\u0131z: Kara\u00e7ay-Balkar, Kumuk, Azeri, Ermeni, Oset gibi. Bunlardan, T\u00fcrk toplulu\u011fundan olanlar\u0131 yukar\u0131da g\u00f6rd\u00fck, \u00f6b\u00fcrleri, ait olduklar\u0131 dil ailelerinde ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Agop Dilaçat Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları Biraz daha batıya kaydığımızda, bugün Türk dil ve lehçelerinin alanına girmiş bir durumda, Kafkas dillerini buluruz. Bunlar önce Kuzey ve Güney olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır, sonra Kuzey kolu da Batı ve Doğu olmak üzere yine ikiye dallanır. En karışık bölge ile Kuzeydoğuda karşılaşırız. Güneyde, Kafkas dillerinin K’art’-vel topluluğunda, dört […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edebiyat-genel-konular","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8925"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8927,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8925\/revisions\/8927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}