{"id":8931,"date":"2019-03-11T20:57:29","date_gmt":"2019-03-11T20:57:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=8931"},"modified":"2019-03-11T20:57:29","modified_gmt":"2019-03-11T20:57:29","slug":"dogumunun-100-yilinda-kafkas-dilbilimcisi-nikolay-yakovlev","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/dogumunun-100-yilinda-kafkas-dilbilimcisi-nikolay-yakovlev\/","title":{"rendered":"DO\u011eUMUNUN 100. YILINDA KAFKAS D\u0130LB\u0130L\u0130MC\u0130S\u0130 N\u0130KOLAY YAKOVLEV"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Marje Dergisi<\/strong>
\nA\u011fustos 1992<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuzey Kafkasya \u00c7erkes halklar\u0131n\u0131n eski \u00e7a\u011flarda yaz\u0131 diline sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve geli\u015fmi\u015f bir medeniyeti ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, Kafkasya’da yap\u0131lan yer alt\u0131 kaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan elde edilen bulgulardan anlamaktay\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, d\u00fcnya ayd\u0131nlanma ve bilin\u00e7 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndayken, yaz\u0131s\u0131z ve karanl\u0131klara g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc olarak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden de ulusal geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ektir. Yaz\u0131 dilimizin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yeti\u015fen az say\u0131daki ayd\u0131n\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 derinden etkilemi\u015f, onlar\u0131 ulusal dillerine ve alfabe arama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na y\u00f6neltmi\u015ftir. Ayd\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, baz\u0131 yobaz \u00e7evrelerce, “Kuran alfabesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda alfabe yapman\u0131n, Arap\u00e7a varken anadille okuyup yazman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah oldu\u011fu” gibisinden su\u00e7lamalarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapan ayd\u0131nlar eziyetlere u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ve hatta kimileri can\u0131ndan dahi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f d\u00fcnya uluslar\u0131 feodalizm \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatarak, kapitalist d\u00fczene ge\u00e7ip, ulus olma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini tamamlad\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00c7erkesler 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda feodal \u00e7a\u011fda kalm\u0131\u015flar ve ulusla\u015famam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1917 Ekim Devrimi\u2019yle \u00fclkede meydana gelen yeni de\u011fi\u015fimlerin etkisiyle, \u00c7erkes ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bir as\u0131rd\u0131r \u00f6zlemini duyduklar\u0131 yaz\u0131 dillerine kavu\u015fma imkanlar\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Kafkasya \u00c7erkes Cumhuriyetlerinde yaz\u0131 ve edebiyat dillerinin kurulmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck Rus dilbilimcisi Nikolay Yakovlev’in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6nemi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Nikolay Yakovlev, 22 May\u0131s 1892 tarihinde Moskova’da do\u011fmu\u015ftur. 1916’da Moskova \u00dcniversitesinin Tarih ve Filoloji Fak\u00fcltesini bitirmi\u015f, \u00fcniversitenin dilbilimcilerinden dilbilimin teori ve prati\u011fi \u00fczerine dersler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Moskova Dil Derne\u011fi\u2019nin kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f ve 1922-1924 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 kurumda ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na etnograf olarak ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fsa da, akademisyen \u015eahmatov’un te\u015fviki ile Kafkasya Dilleri ile ilgilenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya \u0130lim Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Abhaz-Adige Dilleri B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1920 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Adigey, Kabardey, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f, Da\u011f\u0131stan ve Abhazya’ya bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma gezileri d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yakovlev\u2019in, yaz\u0131s\u0131 olmayan dillere matematiksel form\u00fcllerle az say\u0131da harflerden olu\u015fan alfabe yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi teori esas al\u0131narak, yaz\u0131s\u0131 bulunmayan Kuzey Kafkasya dilleri i\u00e7in alfabe d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Marje Dergisi Ağustos 1992 Kuzey Kafkasya Çerkes halklarının eski çağlarda yazı diline sahip olduklarını ve gelişmiş bir medeniyeti yaşadıklarını, Kafkasya’da yapılan yer altı kazılarından elde edilen bulgulardan anlamaktayız. Ancak halkımızın, dünya aydınlanma ve bilinç çağındayken, yazısız ve karanlıklara gömülü olarak kaldığı ve bu yüzden de ulusal gelişmesini sağlayamadığı bir gerçektir. Yazı dilimizin olmayışı, 19. yüzyılda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edebiyat-genel-konular","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8931"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8931\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8933,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8931\/revisions\/8933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}