{"id":8943,"date":"2019-03-11T21:03:32","date_gmt":"2019-03-11T21:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=8943"},"modified":"2019-03-11T21:03:32","modified_gmt":"2019-03-11T21:03:32","slug":"tarihi-aydinlatacak-olan-diller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/tarihi-aydinlatacak-olan-diller\/","title":{"rendered":"TAR\u0130H\u0130 AYDINLATACAK OLAN D\u0130LLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

BLENE\u011eAPTS\u0301 Yunus
\n<\/span> <\/span><\/b> Nartlar\u0131n Sesi, Kuzey Kafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi Gen\u00e7lik Kolu, Say\u0131 13 Aral\u0131k 1975 <\/span><\/p>\n

Proto-Indo European dilinin, di\u011fer dillerle olan ili\u015fkilerini incelemek i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok az metot vard\u0131r. \u015eimdiye kadar Proto-Indo European dilinin, di\u011fer dillerle ili\u015fkileri ve onlar aras\u0131ndaki yerinin belirlenmesinde leng\u00fcistik paleontoloji en iyi metot idi. Fonolojik ve grammatik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ise konuya faydalar\u0131 az olmu\u015ftur. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bu husustaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Indo-European dillerinin Semitik dillerle olan ilgisi konusunda oldu. Bu konuda M\u00f6ller’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 en kal\u0131c\u0131 olanlardand\u0131r. 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pensylvania \u00dcniversitesi’nde verilen Indo-European konferans\u0131na kadar paleontolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bir karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f olmakla beraber leng\u00fcistik teoriye, vokab\u00fclere dayanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 bilgilerin sebep oldu\u011fu yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelebilecek eklemeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu yeni metoda “Sahasal metod” dendi. Bunun sonucunda Indo-Enropean dil uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 leng\u00fcistik ile ilgilenen di\u011fer kimselerin ilgisini “Kartvel dil yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n typology’si” \u00e7ekti…<\/p>\n

Sahasal Leng\u00fcistik Metodu’nun genel tezine g\u00f6re bir alan dahilindeki dillerin birbirleri ile ilgisi olmasa bile karakterleri, dil s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na g\u00f6re genelle\u015ftirilerek ortaya konur Leng\u00fcistik alanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in data, Sandfeld’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi dildeki ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 sintaktik, morfolojik modellerden veya fonetik karakterlerden elde edilir. Gamkrelidze ye Machavariani fonetik setler \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Proto-Kartvel dilindeki sesli ve sessizlerle (Proto-Kartvel dili, G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Svan ve Zan dillerini temel alarak restore edilen dildir. Zan dili, Mingrelce Svan\/Laz dillerinden restore edilen bir proto dildir.) Gamkrelidze ve Machavariani’nin k\u00f6k sesliler ve resonantlar i\u00e7in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131 modeller, Edgerton (1943) taraf\u0131ndan, Sievers’in (1878) “Resonantlar\u0131n Alofonik De\u011fi\u015fimleri” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 ve Saussure’nin 1879 da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Indo-European dillerin sesli sistemini anlatan kitab\u0131na dayanarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Indo-European dillerdeki modellere \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak derecede benzemektedir. E\u011fer, Gamkrelidze ve Machavariani’nin ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi, Proto-Indo European ve Proto-Kartvel dillerinin modellerinin ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve sahasal leng\u00fcistik teorisinin prensiplerini fonetik sistem setlerine uygulanabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek bu iki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, M.\u00d6. 3000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Proto-Indo Europeanler’la Proto-Kartveller’ in birbirleri ile temas edecek \u015fekilde bir alan i\u015fgal ettikleri hipotezini do\u011frulam\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Proto-Kartvel i\u00e7in ortaya s\u00fcr\u00fclen resonant sistemi, Sievers ve Edgerton taraf\u0131ndan Proto-Indo European resonantlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ortaya konan sistemin ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Her iki proto dilde alt\u0131 tane resonant vard\u0131r: w,y,r,l,m,n. Her birinin hemen hemen ayn\u0131 \u00e7evrede vokalik. ve sessiz allofonlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Fakat Proto-Kartvel dilinde sesli-sessiz varyant\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

Her” iki proto dilde de, morfolojik sistemlerde resonantlar\u0131n rolleri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Meillet(l937) ve Benveniste’in (1935) Proto-Indo European i\u00e7in ileriye s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri gibi Proto-Kartvel dilinde de k\u00f6kler iki sessizden m\u00fcte\u015fekkildir.<\/p>\n

Proto-Kartvel dilinin restoresi yan\u0131nda, Proto-Indo European ile olan paralelli\u011finin ortaya konmas\u0131 Proto-Indo European dil uzmanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ilgi \u00e7ekicidir. Yazarlar, Proto-Kartvel dil sistemi \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar neticesinde, tek bir sesli (a) ile G\u00fcney Kafkasya,. Kuzey-bat\u0131 ve- Kuzey-do\u011fu Kafkasya dillerinin tek bir ana dilde birle\u015fti\u011fi noktas\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131rlar. B\u00f6yle bir sistemin do\u011frulu\u011funu Kuipers (1960) Kuzey-bat\u0131 Kafkasya dilinin Kabartay \u015fivesini geni\u015f analizi ile desteklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Gamkrelidze ve Machavariani’nin Kafkas dillerinin tarihi incelemeleri hususundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 safhas\u0131nda olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Indo-European dil uzmanlar\u0131na olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f bilgi temin etmi\u015ftir. \u0130leriye s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri leng\u00fcistik deliller son zamanlarda yap\u0131lan arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu delillerle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Fakat her iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sahas\u0131nda(Leng\u00fcistik ve Arkeolojik) daha \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Gamkrelidze ve Machavariani yapt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla Proto-Indo European \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, Kafkas leng\u00fcisti\u011fine ve genel leng\u00fcisti\u011fe \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Dile\u011fimiz, tarihin gizli kalm\u0131\u015f olan y\u00f6nlerini ayd\u0131nlatacak olan detayl\u0131 bilgileri i\u00e7erisinde gizleyen Kafkas dillerinin daha a\u00e7\u0131k ve metodlu bir \u015fekilde analiz edilmesi ve en az bunun kadar \u00f6nemli olan arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n Kafkasya’da bir an \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BLENEĞAPTŚ Yunus Nartların Sesi, Kuzey Kafkasya Kültür Derneği Gençlik Kolu, Sayı 13 Aralık 1975 Proto-Indo European dilinin, diğer dillerle olan ilişkilerini incelemek için gerçekten çok az metot vardır. Şimdiye kadar Proto-Indo European dilinin, diğer dillerle ilişkileri ve onlar arasındaki yerinin belirlenmesinde lengüistik paleontoloji en iyi metot idi. Fonolojik ve grammatik çalışmaların ise konuya faydaları az 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