{"id":9020,"date":"2019-03-11T22:24:26","date_gmt":"2019-03-11T22:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=9020"},"modified":"2019-03-11T22:24:26","modified_gmt":"2019-03-11T22:24:26","slug":"ulusun-dilini-bilmenin-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/ulusun-dilini-bilmenin-onemi\/","title":{"rendered":"ULUSUN D\u0130L\u0130N\u0130 B\u0130LMEN\u0130N \u00d6NEM\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

BIRSIR Bat\u0131rb\u0131y <\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span> <\/span><\/b> Adige Mak gazetesi, \u015eubat 2013
\n\u00c7eviri A\u00c7UMIJ Hilmi<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n dil sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm canl\u0131lardan onu ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli belirte\u00e7lerden oldu\u011funu bilim g\u00f6steriyor. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f bin dilin konu\u015fuldu\u011fu \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bunlar dil aileleri halinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Uzmanlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirmesine g\u00f6re dil ailelerinin say\u0131s\u0131 12’ye ula\u015f\u0131yor. Bu dil ailelerindeki dillerin tamam\u0131 bir dilden t\u00fcremi\u015flerdir. Dilin en belirgin \u00f6zelliklerinden birisi ise durmadan de\u011fi\u015fim ge\u00e7irmesidir. Bu ise ulusun ya\u015fam\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fim-geli\u015fimle di\u011fer uluslarla olan ili\u015fkileri ile, n\u00fcfusunun art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 ile, ulusun ya\u015fam alan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi geli\u015fimle ve benzeri di\u011fer \u015feylerle b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n sayesinde dialektlere sahip olunuyor ard\u0131ndan bunlarda geli\u015fim g\u00f6stererek yeni diller olu\u015fuyor. Ayn\u0131 dilden do\u011fan diller birbirlerinden ne kadar uzakla\u015fsalar dahi, dilin k\u00f6keni kal\u0131yor i\u015fte bu belirte\u00e7lerle dilin hangi aileye dahil oldu\u011fu belirleniyor.<\/p>\n

Adige dili \u0130ber-Kafkas dil ailesinin Abaza-Adige dil grubuna dahildir. Teorinin ortaya koydu\u011funa g\u00f6re bunlar bir dilden t\u00fcrediler. Bunu kan\u0131tlarcas\u0131na bu dillerde ortak olan \u00f6nemli belirte\u00e7ler ise \u015funlard\u0131r; \u043b\u044a\u044bI\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043d (ge\u00e7i\u015fli), \u0435\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0448I\u044d\u043d\u00a0 (ettirgen-kauzatif), \u0444\u044d\u0448I\u044d\u043d (m\u00fctekabiliyet), \u0434\u044d\u0448I\u044d\u043d (ba\u011fla\u015f\u0131k), \u0437\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0448I\u044d\u043d (birliktedenlik), \u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0436\u044c (d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc) nitelikleri ve benzerleridir. Kelime k\u00f6klerinin bir heceli (\u0446\u044d-di\u015f, \u0436\u044d-a\u011f\u0131z, \u043d\u044d-g\u00f6z, \u043f\u0441\u0435-can) olmas\u0131da bu dil ailesinin ortak belirte\u00e7lerinden say\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6n Asya’da yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015f bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Hat, Hurrrit, Elam. Urartu vd. dillerde b\u00f6ylesi yap\u0131ya sahiplerdi. Kelime k\u00f6k\u00fcndeki sesbile\u015fiminin (sturktura) binlerce y\u0131lda de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini bilim dile getiriyor. Mevzubahis etti\u011fimiz dillerin polisintetizmi – kelimenin say\u0131l\u0131 morfemden olu\u015fmas\u0131, her morfeminde ba\u015fka dil ailelerinin kelimeleri ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmesi de belirte\u00e7lerinden biridir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00ab\u043a\u044a\u044b\u043f\u0444\u044d\u0437\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043aI\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a – ben sana ‘onu’ g\u00f6nderdim\u00bb kelimesi Rusca olarak birka\u00e7 kelime ile ifade edilir. Dil ulusla birlikte do\u011fuyor ve ulusla birlikte yok oluyor. Bizi \u00e7evreleyen d\u00fcnya, insanlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, olan bitenler – insana dair olan her \u015fey dilin olu\u015fumunda yer al\u0131yor. Ulusun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u015fekli, d\u00fcnyaya bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 her dil \u00e7e\u015fidinde farkl\u0131 olu\u015fuyor. Bu y\u00fczden insan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel yap\u0131s\u0131 ile ulusal dili birbiri ile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilinti i\u00e7erisindedir. Pestalocci, Komenske, Amona\u015fvili, Uslar ve benzeri \u00fcnl\u00fc e\u011fitimci-bilimadamlar\u0131 bu y\u00fczden\u00a0 her insan\u0131n kendi anadili ile e\u011fitim almas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde m\u00fccadele ettiler. Bilim edinimi, \u00e7evremizi olu\u015fturan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gizemlerinin kavranmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde insan\u0131n edinim elde etmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan itibaren anadili ile bilime \u00e7ekilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Beynimiz, insan insan oldu\u011fundan beri bilim ve \u00e7evremizi olu\u015fturan d\u00fcnya ile uyum i\u00e7erisinde olu\u015funun \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Uluslar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri birbirleri ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorsada diller bu d\u00fcnyay\u0131 farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 birbirinden ayr\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden insan bir ka\u00e7 dil bildi\u011finde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri daha derinle\u015fiyor, bilgi edinimi konusunda da daha etkin oluyor. Bilimin kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylerden de birisi, iki veya daha \u00e7ok dil konu\u015fan anne-babalar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n daha kavray\u0131\u015f sahibi oldu\u011fu ve ba\u015fka dillleri daha kolay \u00f6\u011frendikleridir. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce anadilden yola \u00e7\u0131karak \u00e7ocu\u011fu bilgiye y\u00f6neltmenin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nmi vard\u0131r; neden diye sorulacak olursa;\u00a0 \u00e7ocuk anadili olmayan bir dille e\u011fitime ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (\u0435\u0434\u0437\u044d\u043aI\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d) m\u00fccerret d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn yetisini elde edene kadar \u00e7ok zaman ge\u00e7iyor, \u00e7ocu\u011fun muhakeme yetisi telafisi zor derecede geri kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bunu do\u011frular bir \u00f6rnek; Adige Cumhuriyeti’nin tesisi esnas\u0131nda ilk y\u0131llarda Adige dilinin Rusca ile birlikte devlet dili olarak kabul edilmesine ili\u015fkin parlementoda m\u00fcnaka\u015falar oldu. Pek \u00e7oklar\u0131, aralar\u0131nda Adigelerde olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6yle bir kanuna gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Adige diline kald\u0131ramayaca\u011f\u0131 bir y\u00fck y\u00fcklenece\u011fini varsay\u0131yorlard\u0131. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 bu kanunu\u00a0 kabul etmemizin gerekti\u011fini kan\u0131tlar arg\u00fcmanlar bulmam\u0131z talimat\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015fti. Burada tesbit etti\u011fimiz arg\u00fcmanlardan bir tanesine de\u011fineyeim; 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde t\u00fcm okullar\u0131n Rusca e\u011fitime ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131, ufak uluslar\u0131n dillerinde ilkokul e\u011fitiminin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu tarihe kadar Adige otonom b\u00f6lgesinde ilk d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k e\u011fitim t\u00fcm derslerin Adigece verilmesi \u015feklinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Bu sistemin bertaraf edilmesinin getirdi\u011fi zararlar: ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine g\u00f6re pozitif bilimlerde (matematik, fizik, kimya, bioloji) kandidat, doktor olanlar 1960 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce e\u011fitim alanlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 1960 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra 30 y\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcren e\u011fitim d\u00f6neminin yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi insanlar aras\u0131nda\u00a0 bir Adige bile bu bilim dallar\u0131nda kandidat veya doktor olarak yeti\u015fmedi, hatta daha sonra \u00fcniversite e\u011fitimi alanlar\u0131n\u0131n dahi say\u0131s\u0131 azald\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden \u00e7ocuklu\u011funda anadili ile bilgi edinimine insan ba\u015flamam\u0131\u015f olursa sadece kendisi i\u00e7in de\u011fil \u00fclkesi i\u00e7inde edinebilece\u011fi kazan\u0131mlardan daha az\u0131n\u0131 elde ediyor.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek daha;\u00a0 \u0130nsan e\u011fer amnezi (bilgilerin yitirimi) hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yakalan\u0131rsa ka\u00e7 dili ne kadar iyi biliyorsa bile konu\u015fma yetisini yitirmedi\u011fi dil olarak anadili geride kal\u0131yor. Dil beynin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 halinde, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca insano\u011flunun muhakeme yetisini edindi\u011fi organ\u0131 oldu. E\u011fer anadil e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimde kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa her bir bireyin do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 yeterince kullanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

BIRSIR Batırbıy Adige Mak gazetesi, Şubat 2013 Çeviri AÇUMIJ Hilmi İnsanın dil sahibi olmasının yaşayan tüm canlılardan onu ayıran en önemli belirteçlerden olduğunu bilim gösteriyor. Dünya üzerinde yaklaşık beş bin dilin konuşulduğu öngörülüyor. Bunlar dil aileleri halinde sınıflandırılıyorlar. Uzmanların değerlendirmesine göre dil ailelerinin sayısı 12’ye ulaşıyor. Bu dil ailelerindeki dillerin tamamı bir dilden türemişlerdir. Dilin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-edebiyat-genel-konular","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9020"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9022,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9020\/revisions\/9022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}