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Sohum,\u00a0 28 Eyl\u00fcl 2004<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca, emperyalist ve(ya) milliyet\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n getirdi\u011fi her y\u00f6nden kay\u0131plar\u0131n onar\u0131lamaz boyutlarda oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Emperyalist bir uygulamada Kafkasya\u2019da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f; \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n zalim-ac\u0131mas\u0131z uygulamalar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle 19.yy\u2019da hem b\u00f6lge ad\u0131na hem de insanl\u0131k ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kafkasya\u2019da sava\u015f\u0131 kazanan \u00c7ar Y\u00f6netimi, b\u00f6lge halk\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcremediklerini zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7e tabi tutmu\u015ftur. Bu uygulamalar\u0131n sonucu olarak, Abhaz-Abazin\/Abaza (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Abaza diye an\u0131lacakt\u0131r) halk\u0131n\u0131n da dahil oldu\u011fu Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n karde\u015f halklar\u0131 olan \u00c7erkesler, y\u00fczde doksanlara varan oranda, Anavatanlar\u0131\u2019ndan uzakta\/diasporada ya\u015far hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, diasporada ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkeslerin say\u0131s\u0131 anavatanlarda ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkes say\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyaya da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak ya\u015famak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u00c7erkeslerin say\u0131s\u0131 8-10(*2) milyon olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu say\u0131ya kimliklerini unutanlar dahil de\u011fildir. Bu say\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde, Diaspora Abazalar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 800 bin civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cD\u00fcnya Abhaz-Abazin\/Abaza Halklar\u0131 Birli\u011fi\u201d, d\u00fcnya da da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde ya\u015fayan Abazalar\u0131n sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyoekonomik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bilimsel y\u00f6ntemler ile belirlemek ve bu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in projeler geli\u015ftirip-ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya\u2019dan se\u00e7ilmi\u015f delegelerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Bu ba\u011flamda: \u201cBirlik\u201din se\u00e7ilmi\u015f Y\u00f6netim Kurulu bu defa ki toplant\u0131s\u0131na, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya dan delegelerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda se\u00e7ilmi\u015f delegelerin kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma-de\u011ferlendirme toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u201cg\u00fcndem\u201di \u015fu konulara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n Anadil\u2019in korunmas\u0131; geli\u015ftirilmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda, Abhazya da ve Abaza diasporas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yap\u0131labilecek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, 14.A\u011fustos.1992-30.Eyl\u00fcl.1993 devresinde, G\u00fcrcistan’\u0131n Abhazya\u2019da sebep oldu\u011fu-ya\u015fanan sava\u015f ve sonras\u0131nda uygulanan ambargo\u2019dan kaynaklanan \u201chalklar\u0131n insani yard\u0131m ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131\u201d kar\u015f\u0131lamak ba\u011flam\u0131nda yap\u0131labileceklerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi,G\u00fcndem do\u011frultusunda yap\u0131lan bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ve yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilip-kabul edilen konular\u0131n D\u00fcnya Abhaz-Abazin\/Abaza Halklar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Kurulu\u2019nca ve gerekli durumlarda kurula yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak kurulacak \u201cproje ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma guruplar\u0131\u201dnca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine karar verilmi\u015f ve bu bildiri kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ba\u015fl\u0131klanan konular\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde, \u201cD\u00fcnya Abhaz-Abazin\/Abaza Halklar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Y\u00f6netim Kurulu\u201dnca haz\u0131rlanacak ve an\u0131lacak taraflara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r: B\u00f6lge ile ilgili stratejik menfaatleri-emelleri sebebi-sonucunda, Diaspora da insanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131na sebep olan \u00fclkeler \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya s\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya \u00fclkeleridir.Bu \u00fclkelerin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ise Rusya Federasyonu, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya Devletleri\u2019dir. 1994 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Abhazya\u2019ya uygulanan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ambargo haks\u0131z, mesnetsiz,insan haklar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6lge \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn zaman almas\u0131 do\u011fald\u0131r. Ancak, bu sorunlar bahane edilerek \u201cbireysel insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131, yok edilmesi, ihlal edilmesi\u201d kabul edilemez bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r ve evrensel insan haklar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Abhazya\u2019ya uygulanan Ambargonun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u201c\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u201ds\u0131n\u0131n, ba\u015fta Rusya Federasyonu ve T\u00fcrkiye olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm taraf \u00fclkelere, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Sekreterli\u011fine ve Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131na yap\u0131lmas\u0131-g\u00f6nderilmesine,<\/p>\n Bu ba\u011flamda: Ambargo uygulamas\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, Abaza diasporas\u0131n\u0131n en fazla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke olan T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in sak\u0131ncalar\u0131; zararlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak; T\u00fcrkiye Devleti\u2019nin vatanda\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fu da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulup, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011frudan Abhazya\u2019ya gidi\u015f-geli\u015flere izin vermesi i\u00e7in \u201c\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u201dn\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Y\u00f6netimi\u2019ne yap\u0131lmas\u0131-g\u00f6nderilmesine,<\/p>\n Tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7; \u015fartlar; haks\u0131zl\u0131klar sonucunda Abhazya\u2019da Abhazca, ikincil bir dil haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bu durum normal d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Dili olamayan hi\u00e7bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn mensuplar\u0131 ya\u015fayamaz; k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ana \u00f6\u011fesi olan dil \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anda halk da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durum bilimsel olarak da kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, bu durum iki a\u00e7\u0131dan daha kabul edilemez: Bu durumda, kurucu halka ait dilin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda o devlette ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcrler; diller de s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde yok olurlar-\u00f6l\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n Bu sak\u0131ncalar\u0131n en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede giderilmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda; resmiyette de-fiiliyatta da Abhazca\u2019n\u0131n resmi devlet dili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Abhazya Devlet Y\u00f6netimi\u2019ne, Abhazya\u2019da ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcrler(halklar) mensuplar\u0131na, t\u00fcm taraf \u00fclkelere, t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flara ve t\u00fcm Diaspora ya\u015fayanlar\u0131na \u201c\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u201d yap\u0131lmas\u0131-g\u00f6nderilmesine, Abhazya, ister Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, ister post Sovyet d\u00f6neminde de her t\u00fcr hukuki(*6) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tam bir \u201cegemen\u201d devlet idi. Abhazya\u2019da ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm halklardan olu\u015fan Abhazya silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri, Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal eden G\u00fcrcistan Birliklerini 30.Eyl\u00fcl.1993\u2019de ma\u011flup edip-s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na atarak da (de facto) egemenli\u011fini tam anlam\u0131 ile kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 11 y\u0131ldan beri de ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 egemen olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir Abhazya.<\/p>\n Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00dclkeleri\u2019nce tan\u0131nmamas\u0131 her a\u00e7\u0131dan bir haks\u0131zl\u0131k, ikili standart \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Bu haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi; Abhazya Devletinin egemenli\u011finin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri, taraf \u00fclkeler ve kurum-kurulu\u015flara \u201c\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u201d yap\u0131lmas\u0131-g\u00f6nderilmesine, Her ne kadar Abhazya Anayasas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u2018birinci dil-devlet dili\u2019 Abhazca is de, bunun gerektirdi\u011fi di\u011fer yasal d\u00fczenlemeler Abhazya Parlamentosu\u2019nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu \u00f6nemli eksik k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede giderilmelidir. Bu ba\u011flamda, A\u00c7IKLAMALAR:<\/p>\n (*1) Tarihi s\u00fcrecin ve Abhazya’n\u0131n co\u011frafi yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir gere\u011fi olarak Abazalar, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lge ya da \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkessk b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131na \u2018Abazin\u2019, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f ya da yayla b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131na A\u015fkharua, Axua ad\u0131 ile hitap edilmektedir. T\u00fcm bu adland\u0131rmalar tek bir halk olan Abazalara aittir.<\/p>\n (*2) 19. yy\u2019\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131\u2019nda, Kuzey Kafkasya ve Abhazya\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u00c7erkeslerin say\u0131s\u0131 ile ilgili farkl\u0131 rakamlar telaffuz edilse de, tarafs\u0131z \u00e7evreler bu say\u0131n\u0131n bir milyonun \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funda mutab\u0131kt\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Tarafs\u0131z \u00e7evrelerin asgari rakam\u0131 olan bir milyon baz al\u0131n\u0131r ve \u00c7erkeslerin az \u00fcredi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nsa dahi 15 milyona varan bir say\u0131 hesaplanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan bir bu\u00e7uk asra yak\u0131n bir zaman ge\u00e7mesi sebebiyle bir\u00e7ok \u00c7erkes kimli\u011fini unutmu\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00f6\u00e7 devresinde do\u011frudan ya da sonradan erken \u015fehirlile\u015fme sebebiyle erken asimilasyona u\u011frayanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ve Ata k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile ba\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc halde devam eden diaspora \u00c7erkeslerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 8-10 milyon ki\u015fi olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7e tabi tutulan \u00c7erkesler ve say\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in Prof. Kemal Karpat \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n \u201c……Daha yola \u00e7\u0131kmadan a\u00e7l\u0131k, sefalet, hastal\u0131k ve kitle \u00f6l\u00fcmleri ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Bu bir SOYKIRIM, bir VAH\u015eETT\u0130…\u201d \u201c… Kanaatimce, Kafkaslardan o tarihlerde ve ondan sonraki tarihlerde 2 milyon ile 2.2 milyon aras\u0131nda insan g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmi\u015ftir…\u201d(Prof:Dr. Kemal KARPAT (Wisconsin \u00dcniv.) \u2013\u2018Ankara, \u00c7erkes s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 panel- NART Dergisi, say\u0131: 37, sayfa:13): \u201c… Bir\u00e7ok okuma giri\u015fiminden sonra nihayet yaz\u0131y\u0131 okuduk. Bu yaz\u0131, Karadeniz Do\u011fu sahillerinin otantik-yerli halk\u0131 olan ve tarihi ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 antik yazarlarca efsanevi \u2018Kolkhi\u2019ye uzanan ABHAZCA idi. Abhazlar\u0131n Kolhis d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yaz\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu y\u00f6rede de ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na bu belge tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmektedir…\u2019 \u2018…\u2018Modern Alfabenin atas\u0131 durumunda olup g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek bulunmu\u015f en eski kaynak olmaktad\u0131r…\u201d \u201c… Bu Abhaz halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok eskiye uzanan ge\u00e7mi\u015fleri hakk\u0131nda az bilgisi vard\u0131r. Fakat eski Yunan kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda, \u00e7ok eskiden beri Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 belirtilir. Bu b\u00f6lge kesinlikle bug\u00fcn de ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ayn\u0131 yerdir. Fakat bu otoktonlar\u0131n nereden geldikleri hala bir sorudur. Uzun boylu, a\u00e7\u0131k tenli, renkli g\u00f6zl\u00fc, kumral sa\u00e7l\u0131 insanlard\u0131r. Atletik sporlara ve hareketli hayata olan ilgi ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, onlar\u0131n kuzey k\u00f6kenli olabileceklerini g\u00f6steriyor. Karakterleri cesur ve giri\u015fken, ticarette e\u011filimli olup bir de \u00e7ocuksu bir kurnazl\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u0131kar elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme yetene\u011finden yoksundurlar. Buralar\u0131 gezen hi\u00e7bir gezgin daha bu insanlar\u0131n gizemini \u00e7\u00f6zememi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n Rus k\u00f6kenli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131-yazar Alexandre Ba\u015fhmakov, 1937\u2019de Fransa\/Paris\u2019le yay\u0131mlanan, \u201cKaradeniz\u2019de Yirmi Y\u00fczy\u0131l Etnik Evrim-Kimmerler-\u00c7erkesler-\u201c adl\u0131 eserinde: \u201c… Tarihin s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 arayanlar, bunu bug\u00fcn Kafkasya ve Pirenelerde ya\u015fayan da\u011fl\u0131 halklar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rarak bulabilirler.\u201d<\/p>\n Amerikal\u0131 profes\u00f6r Reginald Aubrey Fessenden, 1923 Y\u0131l\u0131\u2019nda Amerika\/Boston\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan, \u201cKafkasya Berzah\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131k Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 alt\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan eserinde, \u201c…Genelde sonu\u00e7 olarak vard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kan\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n – …Kafkasya, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sabah\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkesidir.<\/p>\n – Kafkasya insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n be\u015fi\u011fi ve anavatan\u0131d\u0131r. – Kafkas kavimler bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yana\u015fmas\u0131 de\u011fil, asl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n – Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kafkas kavimleri de onlar\u0131n ahfad\u0131d\u0131r. (*5) Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n A\u015fkharua b\u00f6lgesinden olup 19. yy.\u2019\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden bir ailenin mensubu olan ve sonradan d\u00f6rt \u00e7ocu\u011fu ile Kanada\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kanada\/Vernon\u2019da ya\u015fayan 89 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Murat Ya\u011fan, Akabza\u2019y\u0131 mealen \u015f\u00f6yle tarif etmektedir:<\/p>\n Akabza, do\u011fru-mutlu ya\u015fam felsefesidir. Do\u011fru ya\u015fam kaideleri, s\u0131f\u0131r ya\u015ftan-\u00f6l\u00fcme \u00f6rnek olarak-olunarak \u00f6\u011frenilir-\u00f6\u011fretilir. Ki\u015fi-toplum, do\u011fru-mutlu ya\u015fam\u0131 sa\u011flayan kaideleri, s\u0131f\u0131r ya\u015ftan itibaren-do\u011fal ortam\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi i\u00e7in, bunlar\u0131 hayata uygularken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye gerek duymaz; nefes almak(i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fc) kadar do\u011fal bir \u015fekilde hayata uygulan\u0131r. Abhazya, SSCB\u2019ce al\u0131nan karar do\u011frultusunda; \u201cSSCB ile birlikte olma ya da olmama karar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n verilece\u011fi 17.Mart.1991 referandumuna kat\u0131ld\u0131: Abhazya\u2019da ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n ekseriyeti, SSCB ile devam etme iradesini ortaya koydu. Referandum sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 SSCB Merkez Se\u00e7im Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan da resmen onand\u0131.<\/p>\n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k yolunda ilerleyen ve \u00f6zerk cumhuriyetler ile s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 emrivaki ile kald\u0131rarak \u00fcniter devlet olmak isteyen G\u00fcrcistan, SSCB\u2019nin 17.Mart.1991 referandumuna kat\u0131lmad\u0131. Bu defa G\u00fcrcistan, 31.Mart.1991\u2019de referanduma gitti. Abhazya ise, bu referanduma kat\u0131lmad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan; SSCB\u2019nin ayr\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 03.Nisan.1990 tarihli Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verdi\u011fi yetki ile Abhazya, SSCB ile birlikte olmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan Y\u00fcksek Konseyi, 31.Mart.1991 Referandumu\u2019nu esas alarak, 09.Nisan.1991\u2019de yeniden \u2018referanduma\u2019 gitti: Bu referandum da, \u2018G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet oldu\u011fu karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u201809.Nisan.1991 referandumu\u2019 ile G\u00fcrcistan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet olma karar\u0131 almakla \u2018G\u00fcrcistan Sovyet Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u201chukuki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d sona ermi\u015f oluyordu.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrcistan Sovyet Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u201chukuki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d sona erince, Abhazya \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti ile hi\u00e7bir hukuki ba\u011f\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f oldu. Yani, iki ayr\u0131 devlet ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: G\u00fcrcistan Devleti ve SSCB\u2019nin par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Abhazya Devleti.<\/p>\n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 23.Temmuz.1992 tarihinde, Abhazya Devleti Parlamentosu\u2019nda \u201cBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devlet olma\u201d karar\u0131 oyland\u0131; karar al\u0131nd\u0131. Ayn\u0131 oturumda al\u0131nan ek bir parlamento karar\u0131 ile\u2019de G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunuldu: \u201c1987 Sovyet Anayas\u0131\u2019na uygun olarak, haz\u0131rlanan 1988 tarihli Abhazya ve G\u00fcrcistan anayasalar\u0131 ile olu\u015fan hukuki yap\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u2018tek tarafl\u0131\u2019 olarak yok ettiniz. Aram\u0131zda hi\u00e7bir hukuki ba\u011f kalmad\u0131. Gelin, \u201ciki egemen kom\u015fu devlet olarak, yeni hukuksal durumumuzu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015felim\u201d dendi…<\/p>\n Abhazya Parlamentosu\u2019nun \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na, G\u00fcrcistan Y\u00f6netiminin cevab\u0131! gecikmedi: 14.A\u011fustos.1992 tarihinde G\u00fcrcistan Birlikleri, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 B\u00f6lgeleri\u2019ni i\u015fgal etti.30.Eyl\u00fcl 1993 : Abhazya Birlikleri, G\u00fcrcistan Birliklerini ma\u011flup ederek , Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 tamamen \u2018G\u00fcrc\u00fc i\u015fgal Birlikleri\u2019nden temizledi. Abhazya, tarihin derinliklerinden beri gelen hukuki stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u2018sava\u015f\u0131\u2019da (de facto) kazanarak tescil etti.<\/p>\n \u0130roni…!: Birlikleri\u2019nin yenilece\u011fini anlayan ve moral kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda ki \u2018Ba\u015fkenti\/Sohum\u2019a gelen Eduard \u015ehewardnadze, ba\u015fkent Sohum\u2019u kurtaran \u2018Abhazyal\u0131 Birliklerce yakaland\u0131-esir al\u0131nd\u0131. Rus yetkililerin araya girmesiyle, Abhazya G\u00fc\u00e7lerinin esiri \u015ehewardnadze ba\u011f\u0131\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n Sava\u015ftan sonra iki devlet aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi yap\u0131ld\u0131, baz\u0131 konularda anla\u015fmalar imzaland\u0131 ama uygulamaya sokulabilen anla\u015fma s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n BM ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve AG\u0130T\u2019in kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile, 04.Nisan.1994 Tarihi\u2019nde: Sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u011flam\u0131nda , Abhazya ve G\u00fcrcistan aras\u0131nda \u201cDevlet-Kanun \u0130li\u015fkisi\u2019nin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir anla\u015fma imzaland\u0131. Bu, zaten var olan \u2018de facto\u2019 durumun tescili anlam\u0131na gelmektedir: Abhazya-G\u00fcrcistan Sorunu\u2019nun, \u2018iki kom\u015fu devlet\u2019 in sorunu olarak; kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 menfaatler do\u011frultusunda bir anla\u015fmaya ihtiya\u00e7 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler ve taraf \u00fclkelerde resmen kabul etmi\u015f oluyordu bu anla\u015fma ile.<\/p>\n Her t\u00fcr \u2018devlet olma\u2019 \u00f6\u011fesine sahip Abhazya: 04.Nisan.1994 Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u2018Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devlet\u2019 olarak, ba\u015fka \u00fclke(ler) ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme-anla\u015fma yapabilme hakk\u0131na\u2019da sahiptir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sohum, 28 Eylül 2004 İnsanlık tarihi boyunca, emperyalist ve(ya) milliyetçi yaklaşımların getirdiği her yönden kayıpların onarılamaz boyutlarda olduğu bilinmektedir. Emperyalist bir uygulamada Kafkasya’da yaşanmış; Çarlık Rusya’sının zalim-acımasız uygulamaları, özellikle 19.yy’da hem bölge adına hem de insanlık adına büyük kayıplara yol açmıştır. Kafkasya’da savaşı kazanan Çar Yönetimi, bölge halkından öldüremediklerini zorunlu göçe tabi tutmuştur. Bu uygulamaların […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9087"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9087\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15605,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9087\/revisions\/15605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9087"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9087"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nAbhazya\u2019ya uygulanan haks\u0131z, mesnetsiz, insan haklar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ambargonun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131labilecekler,
\nAnavatanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015famak zorunda kalan Abazalardan arzu edenlerinin Anavatanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fleri i\u00e7in yap\u0131labileceklerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi-belirlenmesi, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n egemen bir devlet olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131labileceklerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi-belirlenmesi.<\/p>\n
\n\u00c7A\u011eRILAR:<\/p>\n
\nBu \u00fclkeler, \u201catalar\u0131n\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu tarihsel hatay\u0131\u201d kabul etmeli ve bu hatan\u0131n telafi edilmesi ba\u011flam\u0131nda gerekli her t\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya-projeye (bulunulan \u00fclkelerde sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyoekonomik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, Ata vatanlar\u0131 ile en geni\u015f anlamda her t\u00fcr ili\u015fkilerinin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131-sa\u011flanmas\u0131, geli\u015ftirilmesinin yan\u0131nda, Atavatanlar\u0131\u2019na d\u00f6nme haklar\u0131n\u0131n resmen tescili; Atavatanlar\u0131\u2019na d\u00f6nmek isteyenlerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in her t\u00fcr hukuksal zeminin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, d\u00f6nmek isteyenlerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn gerektirdi\u011fi iklimin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na her t\u00fcr katk\u0131da bulunulmas\u0131 gibi) destek vermelidirler. Taraf \u00fclkeler ve uluslar aras\u0131 kurulu\u015flar bu hakk\u0131 tescil etmeli, manevi ve maddi destek vermelidirler. Bu ba\u011flamda \u201c\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u201dn\u0131n muhatap bu \u00fclkelere, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Sekreterli\u011fine, Avrupa G\u00fcvenlik ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131na yap\u0131lmas\u0131-g\u00f6nderilmesine, Diasporada ya\u015fayan Abazalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler y\u00f6netimlerine, diasporada ya\u015fayan Abazalar\u0131n sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyoekonomik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanacak projelere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kolayl\u0131k ve deste\u011fin verilmesi \u201c\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u201ds\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131-g\u00f6nderilmesine,<\/p>\n
\nKurucu halka ait dilin resmi devlet dili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumda, o devletin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nAbhazya, 1200 y\u0131ll\u0131k devlet ge\u00e7mi\u015fine sahip bir devlettir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bulunabilen arkeolojik kan\u0131tlara g\u00f6re \u201csese dayal\u0131 ilk Alfabe\/Modern Alfabe\u2019yi bulan\u201d(*3) bir halk olan Abazalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131; tarihi derinli\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihin \u00e7ok gerilerinde olan bir devlettir. Abaza halk\u0131n\u0131n tarihi(*4) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 5000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar bilinebilmektedir. Dinlerden binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce do\u011fru-mutlu ya\u015fam\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u201cdo\u011fru ya\u015fam felsefesi\/Akabza\u2019y\u0131\u201d(*5), (ne dini bir otoriteye ne de devlet otoritesi-yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na dayand\u0131rmadan) bulmu\u015f-uygulam\u0131\u015f-ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015f bir halkt\u0131r Abazalar.<\/p>\n
\n14.A\u011fustos.1992-30.Eyl\u00fcl.1993 devresinde, G\u00fcrcistan Birliklerinin Abhazya\u2019da sebep oldu\u011fu sava\u015f, Abhazya Vatanda\u015flar\u0131na her y\u00f6nden onar\u0131lamaz zararlar vermi\u015ftir. Sava\u015f\u0131n bitiminin ard\u0131ndan 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abhazya\u2019ya uygulanmaya ba\u015flanan \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc haks\u0131z ambargo da, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ma\u011fduriyetini t\u00fcmden artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, insanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 olan her t\u00fcr \u2018insani yard\u0131m\u0131n\u2019 uluslararas\u0131 camiadan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir. Ancak, sa\u011flanabilen insani yard\u0131mlar do\u011frudan G\u00fcrcistan Y\u00f6netimine teslim edildi\u011fi ve bu yard\u0131mlardan en ufak bir zerresinin dahi Abhazya Vatanda\u015flar\u0131na verilmedi\u011fi de bilinmektedir. Bu ger\u00e7ekten hareketle, Abhazya vatanda\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak yard\u0131mlar, do\u011frudan Abhazya\u2019ya gelmelidir.
\nNot edilen sebeple, ma\u011fdur durumda bulunan Abhazya vatanda\u015flar\u0131na yap\u0131lacak insani yard\u0131m\u0131n:
\nDo\u011frudan Abhazya Y\u00f6netimine teslim edilmesi ve yard\u0131mlar\u0131n Uluslar aras\u0131 ca\u00f6iay\u0131 temsil eden yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131 temsilcilerinin g\u00f6zetiminde Abhazya yetkililerince yap\u0131lmas\u0131,
\nKonusunda, t\u00fcm uluslar aras\u0131 camia ve yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131na \u201c\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u201d yap\u0131lmas\u0131na-g\u00f6nderilmesine,<\/p>\n
\nAbhazca\u2019n\u0131n birnici dil-devlet dili olabilmesi i\u00e7in parlamentoca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken kanunlar\u0131n k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Abhazya Cumhuriyeti Parlamentosuna \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulunulmas\u0131na
\nKATILAN DELEGELER\u0130N OY B\u0130RL\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u0130LE KARAR VER\u0130LM\u0130\u015eT\u0130R.<\/p>\n
\n(*3) 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki Frans\u0131z arkeolog taraf\u0131ndan Maykop\u2019a \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir mesafede bulunan ve 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda St. Petersburg\u2019da, Prof. G.TOUR\u00c7AN\u0130NOV ve ekibinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile okunabilen, bilimsel y\u00f6ntemler ile, M.\u00d6. 1300-1200, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 3300-3200 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlendi\u011fi belirtilen, \u2018Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019nda ki dil i\u00e7in, bir makalesinde Prof. TUR\u00c7AN\u0130NOV \u015f\u00f6yle yazmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\n(*4) Gilford Polgrave, 1872 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\/Londra\u2019da yay\u0131mlanan \u201cDo\u011fu Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde, b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131; \u00f6rne\u011fin Abhazlar ile ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle bir yorumda bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\n– Tufan \u00f6ncesinde ilk insanl\u0131k uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Atlantis gibi) Kafkasya\u2019da olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\n– \u0130leride yap\u0131lacak kapsaml\u0131 arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bu tezi daha iyi kan\u0131tlayacakt\u0131r…\u201d<\/p>\n
\nAkabza \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famal\u0131 bir do\u011fru bir ya\u015fam felsefesidir: a) G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131 belirleyen kaideler, b) Entelekt\u00fcel seviyeyi y\u00fckselten e\u011fitim, c) Ki\u015fi-toplumun, ruhsal doygunlu\u011fu-b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan yakla\u015f\u0131m-e\u011fitim.
\n(*6) Post Sovyet d\u00f6neminde Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n hukuki yap\u0131s\u0131, G\u00fcrcistan ile hukuki ili\u015fkileri \u015f\u00f6yle idi: Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin; SSCB\u2019den ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunu d\u00fczenleyen 03.Nisan.1990 tarihli yasaya g\u00f6re: Bir Sovyet Cumhuriyeti, SSCB\u2019den ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 taktirde, ayr\u0131lan cumhuriyetle \u2018\u00f6zerk cumhuriyet\u2019 stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde hukuki ba\u011f\u0131 bulunan \u00f6zerk cumhuriyet(ler), SSCB\u2019de kalma ya da kalmama veya \u2018kendi devlet stat\u00fclerini\u2019 belirleme konusunda yetkili idiler. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanaca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, G\u00fcrcistan SSCB\u2019den ayr\u0131lma karar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Abhazya, SSCB\u2019nin bu Yasas\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi tercih imkan\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak, SSCB\u2019de kalmay\u0131 se\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n