{"id":9103,"date":"2020-03-12T14:16:15","date_gmt":"2020-03-12T19:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=9103"},"modified":"2021-03-18T16:02:58","modified_gmt":"2021-03-18T21:02:58","slug":"osetler-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/osetler-kimdir\/","title":{"rendered":"OSETLER K\u0130MD\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7eviri: <\/span> Yemuz Haluk \u00d6zcan<\/strong>
\nhttp:\/\/southosetia.chat.ru\/en_whoos.htm<\/p>\n

“\u0130berya b\u00f6lgesinde, Ermeni ve Midyan benzeri giyinen, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fe meyilli bir halk ya\u015far. Da\u011fl\u0131k \u00fclke, bunun aksine, \u0130skit ve Sarmatlar\u0131n ki, onlar da \u00e7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015fmaktad\u0131r, kom\u015fusu ve akrabas\u0131 olan, onlarla ayn\u0131 gelene\u011fi payla\u015fan s\u0131radan insanlar ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan iskan edilmi\u015ftir.Herhangi bir ters duruma kar\u015f\u0131n, kendi i\u00e7lerinden, \u0130skit ve Sarmatlar\u0131n i\u00e7inden binlerce sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Strabon, eski Yunan tarih\u00e7isi ve Co\u011frafyac\u0131s\u0131 (M\u00d666 – MS24)<\/p>\n

Genellikle Kafkasya’n\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesinin ortas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan, yakla\u015f\u0131k 600
\nbin ki\u015filik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir halk olan Osetler hakk\u0131nda belki de d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ok
\n\u00fclkesinde birbirinden farkl\u0131 y\u00fczlerce kitap, bilimsel makale yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli tarih\u00e7ilerinin, dilbilimcilerinin, arkeologlar\u0131n ilgisini Kafkasya’n\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan bu kadim halka y\u00f6nelten sebep nedir?<\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Osetleri tan\u0131yabilmek i\u00e7in binlerce y\u0131l geriye; inan\u0131lanlara g\u00f6re
\ndi\u011fer kavimda\u015flar\u0131ndan soyutlan\u0131p Orta Asya ve Kuzey \u0130ran’dan ayr\u0131lan,
\nHint-Avrupa \u0131rk\u0131na mensup olan insanlar\u0131n zaman\u0131na d\u00f6nmek gereklidir.<\/p>\n

Massaget ortak ismiyle bilindikleri bir zaman s\u00fcrecinde bu insanlar\u0131n bir
\nb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve inat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Daha sonralar\u0131, geriye
\nAvrupa k\u0131tas\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar ve eski \u0130ran dili konu\u015fan bu Massaget halk\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re bir \u00e7ok etnik dala ayr\u0131ld\u0131, en belirgin olarak Yazuglar, Sarmatlar, Roxolanlar (ya da Ruslanlar), Aorsler, Alanlar, Saklar ya da s\u00f6ylenegelen \u00fczere Sarmat kabilelerine ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Genellikle farkl\u0131l\u0131klar sadece geleneksel ve “Alanorslar” gibi adlarda. Dilleri di\u011fer kavimlerce de konu\u015fulan, akraba \u0130skit kabilelerinin \u00f6nc\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Avrupa’ya yay\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u00dcnl\u00fc eski yazar Joseph Flavious, \u00f6rne\u011fin Alanlar\u0131, \u0130skitlerin Tanais (don) Nehri ve Azov Denizi etraf\u0131nda ya\u015fayan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlar. Di\u011fer eski tarihsel kaynaklar, \u015fu ana kadar Pro-Hazar Massagetlerini “\u0130skit Kavmi” olarak kabul eder. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise Sarmat kabilelerinin M\u00d6 6-4. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Kuzey Pro-Hazar ve Pro-Ural b\u00f6lgelerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f g\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgesi boyunca yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7 sonucunda, birbirleriyle kurduklar\u0131 kavimsel birliktelikler sayesinde Sarmatlar y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgesindeki dominant etnik unsur olmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Aorslarlar\u0131n \u00c7ar’\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7 halinde 200 bin ki\u015filik s\u00fcvari birli\u011fi toplayabilmekteydi.<\/p>\n

Modern Osetlerin \u015fu an ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lge olan Kuzey Kafkasya ve neredeyse t\u00fcm Transkafkasya’ya ilk yerle\u015fimleri \u0130skitler taraf\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak M\u00d6 7. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130skit malzeme k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc eserleri G\u00fcney Osetya’da ve G\u00fcrcistan’\u0131n merkezi b\u00f6lgelerinde bulundu. Kuban k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yerli kabilelerini asimle ederek, bundan 3500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce orta Kafkasya’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn, zaman\u0131n\u0131n halklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011finin ispat\u0131 olarak bug\u00fcne kadar korunmu\u015f olan tun\u00e7 ve demir silahlar, aletler, m\u00fccevherat ve \u00e7\u00f6mlekler g\u00f6sterilebilir. Bunlar yaln\u0131z Validkavkaz, Nal\u00e7ik, Grosni’deki Kafkasya m\u00fczelerinde de\u011fil, Rusya Federasyonu’nun en iyi m\u00fczeleri olan – Devlet Zaviyesi, Devlet Tarih M\u00fczesi’nde sergilendi\u011fi gibi; Berlin, Viyana, Lyon ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde de ziyaret\u00e7ilerin be\u011fenisine sunulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130skitlerin, eski Kuban k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Oset halk\u0131n\u0131n
\nolu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir platform g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u0130skitleri
\nizleyerek Kafkasya’ya gelen Alan-Sarmat kabileleri bu b\u00f6lgede kendilerine
\n\u00e7ok yak\u0131n bulduklar\u0131 \u0130rani dil konu\u015fan halklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. (Eski Yunan tarih\u00e7isi Heredot, kendisinden “Tarihin Babas\u0131” olarak bahsedilir, Alanlar\u0131 bazen \u0130skitlerden ay\u0131rman\u0131n zor oldu\u011fundan bahsediyor ve Starbonla Procopius Cesaerian, Alanlar\u0131n bozuk bir \u0130skit\u00e7e kulland\u0131klar\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor.)<\/p>\n

MS 5-6. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, Alanlar daha \u00f6nceleri bask\u0131nlar d\u00fczenledikler
\nTranskafkasya’ya n\u00fcfuz ettiler ve kabul edilen baz\u0131 eski kaynaklara g\u00f6re
\n(“Ermeni Co\u011frafyas\u0131” gibi, MS 7.yy ) tamam\u0131na yerle\u015ftiler. Transkafkasya’n\u0131n Alanik-Sarmat n\u00fcfusu, Hun ak\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u00fcresince yeniden olu\u015ftu. 10-12. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Osetlerin Alanya Feodal Devleti eski d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletlerinden biri olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u00fcst\u00fcn Tatar-Mo\u011fol kuvvetlerinin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 istilalar\u0131 nedeniyle y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Tesad\u00fcft\u00fcr ki, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc
\nAlanlar, pratikte Mo\u011follar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k sava\u015fta tek seferde yenemedikleri ilk
\nhalk olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Hatta Mo\u011follar, Alanlar\u0131n ana m\u00fcttefiklerin olan
\nK\u0131p\u00e7aklara r\u00fc\u015fvet vererek onlara ihanet etmelerini sa\u011flamak zorunda
\nkalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Alanlar\u0131n bir kalesi, tahminen Magas \u015fehrinde, Mo\u011follar
\ntaraf\u0131ndan 12 y\u0131l ku\u015fatma alt\u0131nda tutulmu\u015ftur. (Ayn\u0131 \u015fey Plano Carpini ve
\neski Arap tarih\u00e7isi Ebul Fada taraf\u0131ndan da teyit edilmi\u015ftir.)<\/p>\n

Peki Modern Osetleri onlar\u0131n efsanevi \u0130skit ve Alan soylar\u0131na ba\u011flayan \u015fey
\nnedir? Her toplumun ruhu, onun dilidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Osetler, Digoron
\ndiyalekti\u011finde en az de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6steren \u0130skit dilini konu\u015fuyorlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck
\nSovyet Ansiklopedisi’nde ( 3.bask\u0131) bu konu hakk\u0131ndaki makalede \u015f\u00f6yle
\ndiyor: “\u0130skit-Sarmat diyalektlerinin neslinden olan bir dil de; Kafkasya’daki
\nOsetlerin dilidir.”<\/p>\n

Dilin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Osetler, \u00f6zellikle ocak zincirinin dokunulmazl\u0131k ve kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir \u00e7ok \u0130skit gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerini korumu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130skit-Sarmat miras\u0131, milli karakter \u00f6zellikleri ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da Osetlerin varisli\u011findedir. Osetler, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir Hint-Avrupa halk\u0131d\u0131r, pek az\u0131 kumral-sar\u0131 veya kestane rengi sa\u00e7lara, gri ya da mavi g\u00f6zlere sahiptir. Ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellikler bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok Sarmat’\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan sahip olduklar\u0131 niteliklerdir. Osetlerin milli karakterlerinden bahsedersek, \u015f\u00fcphesiz biri bunun iki tane oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyecektir, en karakteristik taraflar\u0131 olarak; m\u00fcthi\u015f misafirperverlikleri ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki kararl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Osetler, modern bir halkt\u0131r ve baz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan
\ndurumlar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 190 Oset, ihtilal \u00f6ncesi Rusya’s\u0131n\u0131n en
\n\u00fcst\u00fcn askeri payesi olan “St.George Ha\u00e7\u0131”na sahiptir ki, baz\u0131lar\u0131 birden
\nfazla say\u0131da…<\/p>\n

Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ve Sovyet Ordusu\u2019nda 70 general ve amirale sahip olduklar\u0131 bilinmektedir. 600 binden daha az bir n\u00fcfusa sahip olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir \u00e7ok spor dal\u0131nda 30 D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonu \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 Avrupa \u015eampiyona ve turnuvalar\u0131nda alt\u0131n madalya kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuzey Osetya’n\u0131n futbol tak\u0131m\u0131 “Alania” 1995’te Rusya Federasyonu \u015eampiyonu oldu ve toplamda iki kere Rusya’n\u0131n en iyisi unvan\u0131n\u0131 elde ettiler. Osetler, e\u011fitimli bir toplum olarak bilinmektedir. Kuzey Alanya Cumhuriyeti Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7erisinde halk\u0131n e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en iyi on b\u00f6lgeden biri olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Kuzey Osetya’daki \u00f6\u011frenci y\u00fczdesi, Almanya, \u0130ngiltere gibi \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki oranlardan kat be kat y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n

Bir \u00e7ok Oset, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devletler toplulu\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015famakta ve bir
\n\u00e7ok firmada \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6netici olarak g\u00f6rev yapmaktad\u0131r. Orkestra
\nkond\u00fckt\u00f6r\u00fc Valery Gergiev, ismi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en iyi orkestra \u015fefleri aras\u0131nda
\nge\u00e7er, \u015fair Kosta Khetagurov, balet dans\u00e7\u0131 Svetlana Adyrkheva, isimleri
\nanayurtlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan ta\u015fan \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fahsiyetlerden bir ka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Çeviri: Yemuz Haluk Özcan http:\/\/southosetia.chat.ru\/en_whoos.htm “İberya bölgesinde, Ermeni ve Midyan benzeri giyinen, barışçıl ve çiftçiliğe meyilli bir halk yaşar. Dağlık ülke, bunun aksine, İskit ve Sarmatların ki, onlar da çiftçilikle uğraşmaktadır, komşusu ve akrabası olan, onlarla aynı geleneği paylaşan sıradan insanlar ve savaşçılar tarafından iskan edilmiştir.Herhangi bir ters duruma karşın, kendi içlerinden, İskit ve Sarmatların […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9103"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18632,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9103\/revisions\/18632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}