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\u0130brahim \u00c7etao<\/strong> 2007 Temmuz’unda Abhazya Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne bir haftal\u0131k g\u00f6zlem ve dinlenme gezisinde bulundum. \u0130zlenimlerimin kesin do\u011frular\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimi belgelere dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 iddia etmeden bir hafta i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimi toplumumuzla payla\u015fma gere\u011fini duydum. Maykop\u2019tan Adler\u2019e trenle, oradan s\u0131n\u0131ra taksi ile geldik. S\u0131n\u0131rda Abhazya\u2019ya ge\u00e7mek isteyen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k vard\u0131. Bir saatlik bekleyi\u015ften sonra Rusya Federasyonu pasaportlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6stererek Abhazya\u2019ya girdik. Otomobilleri ile gelenler ise uzun kuyruklar olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131. Biraz s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 da olsa Rusya Federasyonu pasaportu ile Abhazya\u2019ya girilebildi\u011fini ya\u015fayarak \u00f6\u011frendik.<\/span><\/p>\n Abhazya gezi izlenimlerimi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda \u00f6zetlemek istiyorum:<\/p>\n POL\u0130T\u0130K DURUM EKONOM\u0130K DURUM Stat\u00fc belirsizli\u011fi nedeniyle yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fclkeye gelmek istemeyi\u015fleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir turizm ve tar\u0131m cenneti olan \u00fclkenin ekonomik olarak geri kalmas\u0131na neden oluyor. Ekonomik nefes borusu olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini koruyor. K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL DURUM DEMOGRAF\u0130K DURUM Bu n\u00fcfus durumuyla \u00fclkenin gelecekte bir Abhaz devleti olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmesi g\u00fc\u00e7 .Kendileri de bu durumun fark\u0131ndalar ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir \u00e7ok insan kendi tabirleri ile yukar\u0131dan (Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019dan) ve diasporadan akraba halklar\u0131n \u00fclkelerine yerle\u015fmelerini arzu ediyorlar.<\/p>\n D\u0130ASPORA VARLI\u011eI Bug\u00fcn itibariyle t\u00fcm s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs germeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f fedakar ve yurtsever bir ka\u00e7 y\u00fcz ki\u015filik bir diasporal\u0131 gurubun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n Diaspora ne ekonomi ne de n\u00fcfus anlam\u0131nda Abhazya\u2019ya umulan deste\u011fi verebilmi\u015f de\u011fil. Bunu \u00fclkedeki ekonomik ve g\u00fcvenlik sorunlar\u0131na ba\u011flamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ancak hi\u00e7bir ulusal m\u00fccadele s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131z kazan\u0131lm\u0131yor. \u00dclkenin gelecekte bir Abhaz devleti olarak varolabilmesi i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6rev diasporaya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Diaspora bu konuda ciddi bir s\u0131navla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyulan n\u00fcfus deste\u011fi verilmedi\u011fi takdirde Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011finden s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fi ile ilgili diasporan\u0131n tavr\u0131 Rusya ve G\u00fcrcistan politikalar\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nemli. Ancak bu konuda sorumlulu\u011funu anlam\u0131\u015f bir diaspora da ortada g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n KOM\u015eU \u00dcLKELER SONU\u00c7 İbrahim Çetao Abhazya, 19 Kasım 2007 2007 Temmuz’unda Abhazya Cumhuriyeti’ne bir haftalık gözlem ve dinlenme gezisinde bulundum. İzlenimlerimin kesin doğruları içerdiğini, düşüncelerimi belgelere dayandırdığımı iddia etmeden bir hafta içerisinde gördüklerimi toplumumuzla paylaşma gereğini duydum. Maykop’tan Adler’e trenle, oradan sınıra taksi ile geldik. Sınırda Abhazya’ya geçmek isteyen büyük bir kalabalık vardı. Bir saatlik bekleyişten sonra Rusya 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\nAbhazya, 19 Kas\u0131m 2007<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nAbhazya-G\u00fcrcistan anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n taraflar\u0131n raz\u0131 olabilece\u011fi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulamamas\u0131, yani Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn belirsizli\u011fi her alanda olumsuz etkisini g\u00f6steriyor. \u0130nsanlar geleceklerini yeterince g\u00fcvence alt\u0131nda hissetmiyorlar ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bir tedirginlik duygusu hakim. Abhazya\u2019nin stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn bir an \u00f6nce t\u00fcm taraflar\u0131n kabul edebilece\u011fi bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n kars\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m herkesin ortak dile\u011fi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nHava alan\u0131, liman ve demiryolunun sava\u015ftan bu yana \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemenin, ekonomik durumu anlatmak i\u00e7in yeterli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Rusya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7er ge\u00e7mez, g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyi birden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. D\u00fczen de\u011fi\u015fimi nedeniyle enkaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f binalara, sava\u015fta y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011fram\u0131\u015f binalar da eklenince \u00fclkeye bir harabe g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc hakim oluyor. Ba\u015fta parlamento binas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck oteller, apartmanlar ve y\u00fczlerce ev enkaz halinde duruyor.<\/p>\n
\nKar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m herkes 2014 Sochi olimpiyatlar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck umut ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f durumda. Olimpiyatlar nedeniyle b\u00f6lgeye yap\u0131lacak yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n Abhazya ekonomisini olumlu etkileyece\u011fini, Sohum hava alan\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Olimpiyatlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel bar\u0131\u015fa katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umut ediyorlar.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nG\u00f6rebildi\u011fim t\u00fcm yerle\u015fim yerlerinde resmi ve \u00f6zel i\u015fyerlerinin, cadde ve sokak isimlerinin Abhazca olmas\u0131, g\u00fcnde d\u00f6rt saat Abhazca televizyon yay\u0131n\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her Abhaz\u2019\u0131n Abhazca konu\u015fabiliyor olmas\u0131 ilk dikkatimi \u00e7eken ve Adigey\u2019den farkl\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm konular aras\u0131nda. \u00c7esitli yerlerde bize bilgi veren turizm rehberlerinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 tan\u0131t\u0131mlarda Abhaz ulusu, vatan\u0131, tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6zellikle vurgulamalar\u0131 da gurur verici.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nDemografik durum kan\u0131mca \u00fclkenin en ba\u015fta gelen sorunlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Yukar\u0131da de\u011finmi\u015f oldu\u011fum stat\u00fc belirsizli\u011fi ve ekonomik sorunlar nedeniyle Abhaz n\u00fcfusunun \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fclkeyi terk ederek Rusya\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f olduklar\u0131, Abhaz n\u00fcfusunun 65 binlere indi\u011fi, Ermeni ve Ruslardan sonra \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131,Abhaz n\u00fcfusuna yak\u0131n bir G\u00fcrc\u00fc (Mingrel) n\u00fcfusunun da Gal b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edildi.Yani \u00fclkenin t\u00fcm n\u00fcfusunun 350 bin civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nSava\u015f esnas\u0131nda ve sava\u015ftan sonra Abhazya\u2019ya diasporadan gelmi\u015f olanlar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 bini a\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda iken ilk y\u0131llarda g\u00fcvenli\u011fin olmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yo\u011fun ekonomik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar nedeniyle bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 geldikleri \u00fclkelere d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015fler veya Kuzey Kafkasya cumhuriyetlerine yerle\u015fmi\u015fler.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nKom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin Abhazya ile ilgili politik hesaplar\u0131na girmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum. Ancak Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Abhazyal\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131na vatanda\u015fl\u0131k verdi\u011fi, emekli maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6dedi\u011fi, deniz, demiryolu ve hava ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131na bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131yorsa da karadan ge\u00e7i\u015flere izin verdi\u011fi, Rus sermayesinin Abhazya\u2019da m\u00fclk edinme giri\u015fimlerinin oldu\u011fu biliniyor. Rus turistler ile Abhaz mallar\u0131n\u0131n Rusya pazar\u0131nda al\u0131c\u0131 bulmas\u0131 da ekonomik alanda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli.
\n.
\nKom\u015fu \u00fclkelerden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Abhazya\u2019ya d\u00fczenli ticarete ve yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na izin vermemesi ekonomik geli\u015fmenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki b\u00fcy\u00fck engellerden biri. Bu durum diaspora-Abhazya ili\u015fkilerini de olumsuz etkiliyor. T\u00fcrkiye Abhazya ili\u015fkilerinin normalle\u015ftirilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor ve bu konuda T\u00fcrkiye diasporas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6revler d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de belirtmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nKaradeniz’de 240 kilometrelik sahil \u015feridine sahip, turizm ve tar\u0131m cenneti olan Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fi yukar\u0131da da de\u011findi\u011fim gibi Rusya ve G\u00fcrcistan politikalar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok diasporas\u0131n\u0131n ona sahip \u00e7\u0131kabilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131. U\u011frunda \u00f6lenler sayesinde toprak vatan oldu, ancak \u00fcst\u00fcnde ya\u015fayacak insanlar\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 var.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"