{"id":9210,"date":"2019-03-12T15:49:48","date_gmt":"2019-03-12T15:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=9210"},"modified":"2019-03-12T15:49:48","modified_gmt":"2019-03-12T15:49:48","slug":"bati-gurcistanda-rusya-gurcistan-savasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/bati-gurcistanda-rusya-gurcistan-savasi\/","title":{"rendered":"BATI G\u00dcRC\u0130STAN\u2019DA RUSYA-G\u00dcRC\u0130STAN SAVA\u015eI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bessarion Gugusvili
\n<\/b><\/span> \u00c7eviren: Yasin \u00d6nc\u00fc (Msxaladze)<\/span><\/p>\n

Giri\u015f <\/b>(1)<\/p>\n

<\/b>Kremlin\u2019in 1990-1994 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, otokton bero-Kafkasyal\u0131 etnik gruplara y\u00f6nelik a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve soyk\u0131r\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik politikalar\u0131, demokratik d\u00fcnya ve insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri taraf\u0131ndan bilinmemektedir. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n etkin ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i medyas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cKatil Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u201d
\ndiye a\u015fa\u011f\u0131layarak isimlendirdi\u011fi herhangi bir Kafkasya dili veya leh\u00e7esi konu\u015fan Kafkasya uluslar\u0131n\u0131n durumuna baz\u0131 bat\u0131l\u0131 politikac\u0131lar\u0131n dikkatlerini y\u00f6neltmelerini sadece \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131n\u0131n Rus tecav\u00fczlerine kar\u015f\u0131 kahramanca direni\u015fi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 asl\u0131nda \u00c7e\u00e7enya trajedisinden ibaretmi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen Kremlin\u2019in Kafkasya politikas\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan \u00f6rne\u011fi \u00fczerinde g\u00f6stermektir. (Asl\u0131nda \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 siyaset eski Sovyet topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde, geni\u015f bir alanda uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.) Bu politikan\u0131n son ve a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fi \u015fu s\u0131ralarda meydana geliyor. Bununla birlikte buna benzer olaylar daha \u00f6nce Sama\u00e7ablo\u2019da (G\u00fcney Osetya), \u0130ngu\u015feti\u2019de ve Abhazya\u2019da meydana gelmi\u015fti. (Keza Azerbaycan\u2019da ve Ermenistan\u2019da.)<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya kamuoyu, bu olaylar sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan gidi\u015fata ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildi ve bu olaylar\u0131n temeline, su\u00e7u i\u015fleyenlere dikkat \u00e7ekmedi. Bu ger\u00e7ek, yeni canavarl\u0131klar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede Kremlin\u2019i cesaretlendirdi.<\/p>\n

Bu konular \u00fczerinde kar\u015f\u0131t \u2013 etkin bas\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu kadar G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin de (Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, Parlamento, Bakanlar Kabinesi) geni\u015f bir resmi belge ar\u015fivi vard\u0131r. Bu belgeler bat\u0131l\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da bulunabilir belgelerdir. Hatta bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bat\u0131 medyas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir. Fakat bat\u0131l\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman bu belgeleri
\nkullanmam\u0131\u015f onun yerine her zaman Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 bas\u0131n\u0131n ve\u00a0 temsilcilerin yalanlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zde \u201cPerestroyka (2)\u201d ve \u201cDemokratizatsiya(3)\u201d d\u00f6nemlerinde, Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 ana ideolojik ve b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 kanl\u0131 olan silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc ulusuna (Ulusal Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Hareketine) y\u00f6nelikti. Bunun nedenleri \u015funlard\u0131r;<\/p>\n

1) <\/b>Sovyet uluslar\u0131 i\u00e7inde en geli\u015fmi\u015f ve kurumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, kendi kendini y\u00f6netme kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yo\u011fun g\u00fcd\u00fclenmeye sahip ulus G\u00fcrc\u00fclerdir. Nedenleri;
\na) <\/b>K\u00fclt\u00fcr (Y\u00fcksek derecede geli\u015fmi\u015f H\u0131ristiyan gelenekler ve ideoloji, \u015fiir, m\u00fczik, edebiyat v.s.)
\nb) <\/b>Eski d\u00f6nemlerden beri s\u00fcregelen ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k gelene\u011fi (ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet).<\/p>\n

2)<\/b> Y\u00fcksek entelekt\u00fcel birikim.<\/p>\n

3)<\/b> Eski Sovyet uluslar\u0131 ve milliyetleri aras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek bir tan\u0131nma oran\u0131.<\/p>\n

4)<\/b> Eski Sovyetlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ve Kafkasya\u2019da anahtar jeopolitik konum.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 Kremlin, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da (en tehlikeli koloni) dikkatli bir \u015fekilde ve kuvvetli bir gizli servis a\u011f\u0131 kurmu\u015ftur. Lenin \u201cG\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki Bol\u015fevik \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6rg\u00fctler i\u00e7erisinde en sava\u015fkan (g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc) olan\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d demi\u015ftir. Kom\u00fcnist parti \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda sadece
\nErmeniler ve Yahudiler, G\u00fcrc\u00fclerden daha y\u00fcksek bir \u00e7o\u011funluk oran\u0131na sahip idiler. Bu temsilcilerin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini Nomenclatural (4) (B\u00fcrokrasi, bilim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, spor v.s.) elitler olu\u015fturuyordu. Bahsi ge\u00e7en bu elitler ve Nomenclatura \u015febekesi \u201cPerestroyka\u201d d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131 ortadan kalkmad\u0131.
\nHatta bu elitler finansal g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve piyasa g\u00fc\u00e7lerini ele ge\u00e7irerek daha da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hale geldiler ve yerlerini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yeni sahalara sahip oldular.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel Bak\u0131\u015f
\n<\/b>
\nG\u00fcrc\u00fc uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve ulusal olarak kendi kendini y\u00f6netme iradesinin olu\u015fum e\u011filimi ve olu\u015fma d\u00f6nemleri i\u00e7indeki; d\u00f6nem, etno ve ulus anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, Avrupa ile b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki durumu Avrupa ile ayn\u0131 temelde analiz etme \u00e7abalar\u0131 anti sosyolojiktir.
\n(Keza Amerika\u2019y\u0131 ve Afrika\u2019y\u0131) G\u00fcrcistan temelde ulus olarak IV. yy.dan (H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k resmi devlet dini oldu\u011funda) itibaren kurulmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcrcistan en y\u00fcksek seviyesine ise XII. yy.da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ideolojisi temelinde, ana ulus yap\u0131c\u0131 etmen G\u00fcrc\u00fc H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc (ve geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde Kafkasyal\u0131) ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 iken ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fcler i\u00e7in ulusal kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fumunda dar dilsel ve etnik temeller, esas ve hatta biricik temeller de\u011fillerdir. Ana etmen uygarl\u0131k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve birli\u011fi idi. Hala da \u00f6yledir. (G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinin \u0130slam imparatorluklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali ve i\u015fgal edilen bu b\u00f6lgelerdeki otokton G\u00fcrc\u00fc halk\u0131n\u0131n \u0130slam imparatorluklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 bile ulusal
\nkararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fumunda din etmeni \u00f6nemli de\u011fil idi. \u00d6rne\u011fin Acaral\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve \u0130ngilolu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman G\u00fcrc\u00fcler G\u00fcrc\u00fc’d\u00fcrler.)<\/p>\n

Hatta bu etmen do\u011frudan do\u011fruya olmasa da Kremlin taraf\u0131ndan da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlara g\u00f6re \u201cKafkasya dili veya leh\u00e7esi\u201d konu\u015fan herkes \u201cKafkasya Ulusu\u201d \u00fcyesidir.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019da devletlerin ulusalla\u015fma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri XVII. ve XVIII. yy.larda ve hatta XIX. yy.da, piyasa sistemi ile saf dilsel\/etnik ana temeller \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fc etnosu, bero-Kafkasyal\u0131 etno-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, sonu\u00e7 olarak (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck) Kafkas \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer bero-Kafkasyal\u0131lar ise Abhazlar, Abazinler, Adigeler, Kaberdeyler, Vainahlar (\u00c7e\u00e7enler ve \u0130ngu\u015flar), Kuzey\u00a0 Kafkasya\u2019daki ve Azerbaycan\u2019daki Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131 halklardan Lezgiler, Tabasaranlar v.s. d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

XVII. yy.a kadar bero \u2013 Kafkasyal\u0131lar hemen hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Kafkasya \u00fczerinde (Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hari\u00e7) mesk\u00fbn idiler.<\/p>\n

Etnik temelde ve etnik temizlik \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar\u0131n (Avrupal\u0131 uluslar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli ve birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 olan sava\u015flar\u0131 gibi) Kafkasya i\u00e7in bilinmeyen bir durum oldu\u011funu anlamak son derece \u00f6nemlidir. Kafkasyal\u0131 uluslar (devletler) her zaman birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc bir tutum ve sald\u0131rgan imparatorluklara kar\u015f\u0131 birbirlerinin yan\u0131nda yer alan bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde idiler.<\/p>\n

Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019ya do\u011fru geni\u015flemesi, etnik temizlik ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n ilk \u00f6nce Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da, daha sonra ise G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi s\u00f6zde Kafkasya Sava\u015flar\u0131\u2019na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. XIX. yy.dan itibaren Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n geni\u015f topraklar\u0131 (Stavropol B\u00f6lgesi, Krasnador) bero \u2013 Kafkasyal\u0131lardan (\u00c7o\u011funlukla Adigelerden ve
\nKabardeylerden) temizlendi ve yerlerine Ruslar (kolonizasyon) yerle\u015ftirildi.
\nRuslar\u0131n Kafkasya\u2019ya hangi y\u00f6nlerden yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek konumuz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Bu \u00e7o\u011funlukla iki yol kullanarak olmaktad\u0131r. Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da kuzeybat\u0131dan g\u00fcneye ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya, G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019da ise Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca.<\/p>\n

Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 istilas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Abhaz-Adige ve Kabardey (Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda ya\u015fayan halklar) etnolar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok sert, kanl\u0131 ve uzayan bir bask\u0131 kuruldu. Bu halklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yok edildi. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise g\u00fcneydo\u011fuya (\u00c7o\u011funlukla G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne) g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Abhaz kabileleri yurtlar\u0131n\u0131n % 80\u2019ini
\nb\u0131rakt\u0131lar ve G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131na do\u011fru itildiler. \u00c7e\u00e7enlere ve Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar ise \u00e7o\u011funlukla G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n, Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n ve Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgalinden sonra ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca XVII. ve XVIII. yy.larda Rus Kazaklar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda tar\u0131m arazilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kaybeden Oslar (S\u00f6zde Hianlar -(M\u00fclteciler-), Prens Ma\u00e7abeli egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda (Sama\u00e7ablo) yurt bularak G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. Kremlin propagandas\u0131 ve etkili \u00e7evreler, anlat\u0131lan bu ger\u00e7eklerin \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc kapatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kolonizasyon, etnik temizlik ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m, \u00e7o\u011funlukla Rus Kazaklar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 ile yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Kafkasya\u2019da Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Kafkasya uluslar\u0131 aras\u0131nda suni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar yaratt\u0131 ve bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kulland\u0131. Yerel Kafkasyal\u0131 n\u00fcfusun ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklar, Rus bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir felaketle sonu\u00e7lanarak azalt\u0131ld\u0131. Bu felaket yerel Kafkasyal\u0131 uluslar\u0131n aras\u0131nda meydana gelen sert i\u00e7 rekabet ve \u015fiddetli i\u00e7sel \u00e7eli\u015fkiler idi. Rus g\u00fc\u00e7leri bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi bir avantaj olarak kulland\u0131.
\nRus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 19.yy.da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi etnik temizlik, \u00f6zellikle de Kuban\u2019da Abhaz-Adige halklar\u0131n\u0131n yok edilmesi G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 alt\u00fcst etti. XVII. ve XIX. yy.lar aras\u0131 Rus mparatorlu\u011fu, yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 milyon
\nbero- Kafkasyal\u0131 \u0131rka ait insan\u0131 yok etti.<\/p>\n

Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Rusya taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali sadece demogratif bir felaket de\u011fildi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7evresel bir felaket idi. \u00d6rne\u011fin Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da (\u00f6zellikle \u0130ngu\u015feti\u2019de ve \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da) mevcut ormanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k % 60\u2019\u0131 itaatsiz ve sava\u015fkan Kafkasyal\u0131 oymaklara kar\u015f\u0131 olan sava\u015f\u0131 daha da
\nkolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yak\u0131ld\u0131. Rusya, yerel halk i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a geleneksel olan \u00e7evreci, \u00e7ok profilli ve dengeli tar\u0131m anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerine b\u00f6lgenin hassas Alpin ekosistemine \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zarar getiren tek k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc bir ekonomik sistem kurdu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7arist Rusya, Kafkasya Politikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n niteli\u011fini hi\u00e7 gizlemedi ve yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde \u015fu terminolojiyi kulland\u0131; \u201cKafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Ele Ge\u00e7irilmesi\u201d, \u201cKafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Fethi\u201d, \u201cKafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Kolonizasyonu\u201d, \u201cKafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Rusla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d. Hatta ayn\u0131 terminoloji hala kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kremlin\u2019in Kafkasya Politikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n niteli\u011fi, Bol\u015feviklerin Rusya\u2019da iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesinden sonra da de\u011fi\u015fmedi. Sadece kullan\u0131lan terminoloji farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131; \u201cHalklar\u0131n Karde\u015fli\u011fi\u201d, \u201cUluslararas\u0131 \u0130leti\u015fim Dili (Rus\u00e7a)\u201d, \u201cEnternasyonalizm\u201d. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci politikas\u0131 bu sloganlar\u0131n arkas\u0131na gizlenmi\u015fti. Bol\u015fevik Kremlin, \u00c7e\u00e7enlere, \u0130ngu\u015flara,
\nG\u00fcrc\u00fclere ve di\u011fer Kafkasyal\u0131 uluslara kar\u015f\u0131 korkun\u00e7 cinayetler i\u015fledi.<\/p>\n

Lenin o d\u00f6nemde \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu; \u201cKafkasya\u2019ya! Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn petrol\u00fcne, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n magnezyumuna ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hatta Bol\u015fevikler Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 kolonile\u015ftirme (Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma) s\u00fcrecini daha etkin bir \u015fekilde tamamlad\u0131lar. End\u00fcstrinin (\u00d6zellikle de maden minerallerinin ilk defa \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131p i\u015flenmesi) ve kolonist tek k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc tar\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fmesi, S.S.C.B.\u2019de (Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi)
\nmilli otonomilerin demografik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fan n\u00fcfus bu b\u00f6lgelerde say\u0131 olarak artt\u0131 ve \u00fcst\u00fcn hale geldi.<\/p>\n

Kremlin, Kafkasya maden havzalar\u0131ndan milyonlarca ton petrol, manganez ve di\u011fer maden t\u00fcrlerinden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Milyarlarca metrek\u00fcp gaz\u0131 ya\u011fmalad\u0131. Kremlin, milli otonomilerin (Genellikle Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki yerel halklar i\u00e7in \u015fu anda da olmakta oldu\u011fu gibi) topraklar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ekonomik ve \u00e7evresel felaket b\u00f6lgelerine \u00e7evirdi. Bir\u00e7ok milli otonominin
\n(\u00c7e\u00e7enya ve \u0130ngu\u015feti) sosyo-ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, e\u011fitimsel geli\u015fmi\u015flikleri ve sa\u011fl\u0131k koruma seviyeleri en altta bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bu Kremlin\u2019in gizli ve dolayl\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve etnik temizlik politikas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kremlin\u2019in \u201cYeni Perestroyka\u201d politikas\u0131 ayn\u0131 sald\u0131rgan, uzla\u015fmaz ve kanl\u0131 durumu devam ettirmi\u015ftir. Moldova, G\u00fcrcistan, Ermenistan, Azerbaycan, Tacikistan, \u0130ngu\u015feti ve \u00c7e\u00e7enya topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki olaylar bu politikan\u0131n kan\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kremlin yeni ve ya\u011fmac\u0131 piyasa imparatorlu\u011funu olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r iken, 1992 ve 1993 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde meydana gelen olaylar, Svanlar\u0131n ve Megrellerin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldikleri kaderleri, Kafkasya uluslar\u0131n\u0131n yeni\u00e7a\u011fdaki ortak trajedilerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7a\u011f yeni ulus katliamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Etno-Tarihsel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/p>\n

<\/b>G\u00fcrc\u00fc etnosu iki tarihi koldan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r; Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcleri (Antik Kolhlar) ve Do\u011fu G\u00fcrc\u00fcleri (Antik Beryal\u0131lar).<\/p>\n

Kolhlar\u0131n ard\u0131llar\u0131, tarihi \u00c7anlar-Zanlar-Lazlar, Sanlar-Svanlar, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde iki alt grubu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan birincisi Megreller (Zanlar) ve Lazlar, ikincisi ise Svanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu her iki alt etnonun kendilerine ait olan dilleri vard\u0131r ve bu diller Kartvelgil Dil Grubu i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131rlar. bero-Kafkasya Dil Ailesi i\u00e7indeki Kartvelgil Dil Grubunda G\u00fcrc\u00fcce, Megrelce, Svanca ve onlarca leh\u00e7e yer almaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da bulunan her alt etnik kol, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 genellikle co\u011frafi nedenlerle (vadiler ve s\u0131rada\u011flar) belirlenmi\u015f tarihi eyaletlerde mesk\u00fbndur. Pek
\n\u00e7ok Avrupa \u00fclkesinde oldu\u011fu gibi G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da da bu eyaletlerden onlarca vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Abhazya, Samurzakano, Megrelya, Svaneti, Ra\u00e7a, Le\u00e7humi, mereti, Gurya v.s. Lazlar yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde kendi tarihi anayurtlar\u0131 olan Karadeniz\u2019in g\u00fcneybat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Trabzon\u2019dan Hopa\u2019ya kadar olan b\u00f6lgede (Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de) mesk\u00fbndurlar. Lazlar o b\u00f6lgenin
\notokton halk\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Megreller ise Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n otokton halk\u0131d\u0131r. Megreller, antik \u00e7a\u011flardan beri Enguri Nehri\u2019nin iki yakas\u0131nda, So\u00e7i\u2019den Rioni Nehri\u2019ne kadar olan b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Megrellerin ve \u00fclkelerinin ad\u0131 (Egrisi) Enguri Nehri\u2019nden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. (Enguri-E -Egr, Egr-isi, M-egr-el, and M-egr-el-ia).<\/p>\n

Megrellerin G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki yakla\u015f\u0131k n\u00fcfusu 1,2 milyondur. Megreller Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan\u2019d\u0131rlar. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a II. ve III. yy.larda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lazlar, XVI. ve XVII. yy.lara kadar H\u0131ristiyan idiler. Fakat sonradan\u00a0 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Megreller ve Lazlar antik ticaret kav\u015faklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Aktif olarak d\u00fcnya ticareti i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131lar. Ayr\u0131ca Megreller ve Lazlar y\u00fcksek ekonomik faaliyetleri ile tan\u0131nd\u0131lar. Denizcilik yapt\u0131lar. \u00c7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcrl\u00fc ve profilli tar\u0131m ile u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131lar. \u00c7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131 \u00fcrettiler.<\/p>\n

Megrelya G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a bilimde, k\u00fclt\u00fcrde ve sporda bir\u00e7ok se\u00e7kin ki\u015fi, politikac\u0131 ve din adam\u0131 verdi. Megrelya G\u00fcrc\u00fc ulusunun olu\u015fum s\u00fcrecinde aktif bir \u015fekilde yer ald\u0131. Abhazya\u2019da ya\u015fayan Megreller teritoryal etmenlerden dolay\u0131 kendilerini Abhaz olarak sayd\u0131lar ve Megrelce konu\u015ftular. Megreller, Abhazlar\u0131 \u201cApsua\u201d, \u201cApsar\u201d, \u201cApsn\u0131\u201d diye
\nadland\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu nedenle \u201cAbhaz\u201d ismi Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn yerel halk\u0131 i\u00e7in, keza G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve Abhazlar i\u00e7in ortak bir isim idi.<\/p>\n

Svanlar da\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar. Svanlar yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde Kodori ve Enguri nehirlerinin (Da\u011fl\u0131k Samurzakano-Abhazya Svaneti\u2019si) yukar\u0131 kesimlerinde ya\u015farlar.\u00a0 Svanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkelerinin ismi Svaneti\u2019dir. Svaneti n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 200 bindir ve Svanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan’d\u0131r. Svanlar sava\u015fma kabiliyetleri ve geleneksel ataerkil ya\u015famlar\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcrler. Bir\u00e7ok
\nBat\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkesindeki da\u011fl\u0131 halklar gibi mevsimsel i\u015flerle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlar.
\nSvaneti, G\u00fcrcistan i\u00e7in her zaman destekleyici ve koruyucu bir kale niteli\u011finde olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

XIX. yy.a kadar Svaneti topraklar\u0131 yabanc\u0131 i\u015fgalciler taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Abhazlar, Abhaz-Adige etnik grubu i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131rlar. Abhaz dili,
\nbero-Kafkasya Dil Ailesi\u2019nin Abhaz-Adige grubunda yer al\u0131r. Yani daha bilindik haliyle bero-Kafkasya Dilleri\u2019nin kuzey grubundand\u0131r ve bu da Abhazlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek k\u00f6kenine i\u015faret eder (G\u00fcney Kafkasya Dilleri
\nKartvelgil dillerdir).<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011funlukla s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ile u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlar. Abhaz-Adigeler tarihsel olarak Bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey ve G\u00fcney kesimlerinde, da\u011f eteklerinde ve\u00a0 kanyonlar\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki Rus kolonizasyonu s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve \u00f6zellikle \u0130mam \u015eamil\u2019in (XVII. yy ve XVIII. yy.) Ruslara yenilmesinden sonra Abhaz-Adigelerin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 oymaklar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan yok edildi. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ise Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne g\u00f6\u00e7 etmekten ba\u015fka
\nse\u00e7ene\u011fi yoktu. (\u00d6rne\u011fin Wub\u0131hlar) G\u00fcrc\u00fc topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Abhaz oymaklar\u0131 bu korkun\u00e7 kaderin \u00f6n\u00fcne iki \u015fekilde ge\u00e7tiler;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 Abhaz oymaklar\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n politik korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda idi.
\n\u2022\u00a0 Abhaz oymaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu H\u0131ristiyan idi. (Resmi olarak tamam\u0131\u00a0 H\u0131ristiyan idi.)<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli bir konu da Abhazlar\u0131n hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun (yakla\u015f\u0131k % 60), Megreller ile etnik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise Kolhlar\u0131n ard\u0131llar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n Megrelce soyadlar\u0131 vard\u0131r ve Abhazca kadar Megrelce’yi de ak\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde konu\u015furlar.<\/p>\n

Abhazlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 95 bindir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Abhazlara her zaman sayg\u0131 duydular ve onlar\u0131 kendi akrabalar\u0131 gibi g\u00f6rd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u015fairler ve yazarlar, Abhazlar\u0131n soylulu\u011funa, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve cesaretine bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ithaf ettiler. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Konstantine Gamsakhurdia ve Akaki Tzereteli say\u0131labilir. Bir \u00e7ok Abhaz edebiyat adam\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n ger\u00e7ek vatanseverleri idiler.<\/p>\n

Abhazya ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 politik problemler, politik haklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fit olmas\u0131 gereken iki otantik grup; Abhazlar\u0131n ve G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin (Megreller ve Svanlar) varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun bir bi\u00e7imde incelenebilir ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilir. Bu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli nedenden dolay\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal otoriteleri, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Zviad Gamsakhurdia, bu b\u00f6lgede G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketini engelleyebilecek bir sava\u015f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 toprak \u00fczerinde iki yerel ulus form\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nerdi.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde, Stalin ve Post \u2013 Stalin rejimleri alt\u0131nda Megreller ve Abhazlar s\u00fcrekli olarak zulme u\u011frad\u0131lar ve bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda tutuldular. (\u00d6rne\u011fin 1950\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flayan ve iyi bilinen Megrelya Sorunu) Bu zul\u00fcmlerin amac\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc ulusunu par\u00e7alamak, Megrel ve Laz
\nayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmak, G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin k\u00fcresel politik iklimi \u00fczerindeki Megrel etkisini (Megreller, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bilinci en y\u00fcksek alt etnik gruplar\u0131ndand\u0131r.) zay\u0131flatmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kremlin, Kafkasya uluslar\u0131n\u0131n emperyalizm kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ortak sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alamak i\u00e7in sistematik olarak Abhaz-G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Os-G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Os-\u0130ngu\u015f \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 v.s.) Hatta bu k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Megrellerin ve Svanlar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 ile bunlar\u0131n insani ve etnik haklar\u0131na tecav\u00fcz, demografik durumlar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilidir. Bu nedenle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddelerin\u00a0 \u00f6zellikle alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek istiyoruz;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck do\u011fum oranlar\u0131 ile (\u00d6zellikle Megreller ve Svanlar) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck uluslar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda yer al\u0131rlar. (1965 ve 1985 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda G\u00fcrc\u00fclere ait do\u011fum\u00a0 oranlar\u0131 % 0,11\u2019i ge\u00e7medi ve bu oran sistematik olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.) G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, bu nokta ile kom\u015fu Kafkasya ve Yak\u0131ndo\u011fu uluslar\u0131ndan radikal bir \u015fekilde farkl\u0131d\u0131rlar.
\n\u2022\u00a0 G\u00fcrc\u00fcler \u00fclkelerine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc ulusu en\u00a0 konsolide olmu\u015f (birle\u015fmi\u015f ve sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 peki\u015fmi\u015f) uluslardan birisidir. Bu durum sadece eski S.S.C.B uluslar\u0131 aras\u0131nda de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn D\u00fcnya uluslar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da b\u00f6yledir.
\n\u2022\u00a0 Toplam n\u00fcfusu 3,5 milyonun \u00fczerinde olan G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 bin, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 bin kay\u0131p verdiler (Her sava\u015fta n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k % 10\u2019unu). Yaral\u0131 olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6lenlerin iki kat\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi bu yaral\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu da tekrar \u00fcreyemeyecek derecede hasta olan (G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da herhangi bir askeri faaliyet meydana gelmemesine ra\u011fmen) erkeklerdi.
\n\u2022\u00a0 G\u00fcrc\u00fcler resmi olarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en e\u011fitimli halk\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim diplomal\u0131 insan say\u0131s\u0131 oran\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ilk s\u0131rada yer al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile bahsi ge\u00e7en maddeleri hesaba katt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, G\u00fcrc\u00fc etnosunun durumunun genel olarak, Megrel ve Svan etnolar\u0131n\u0131n durumlar\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00f6zel olarak kritik oldu\u011funu kolayl\u0131kla anlar\u0131z. Herhangi bir afet t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bu etnolar \u00fczerinde meydana gelmesi, etnonun, ulusun, \u0131rk\u0131n ve buna benzer olarak bunlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yok olmas\u0131na \u00f6nderlik edebilir.<\/p>\n

Abhazya’n\u0131n Etno-Politik Co\u011frafyas\u0131
\n<\/b>
\nAbhazya Otonom Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Mart ay\u0131nda G\u00fcrcistan SSCB\u2019nin i\u00e7inde olu\u015fturuldu. Bu Stalin\u2019in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 birbirlerine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve etnik k\u00fcmeler olu\u015fturma stratejisinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi idi. Kremlin i\u00e7in bu politika, zaman\u0131 gelince etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmakta kullan\u0131lan \u201cYava\u015f-Etkili May\u0131nlar\u201d politikas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Abhazya OSSC, G\u00fcrcistan SSC i\u00e7erisinde kurulunca, So\u00e7i\u2019den Psou Nehri\u2019ne kadar olan Abhazya topraklar\u0131 Rusya SFSC\u2019ye verildi. Di\u011fer taraftan Enguri Nehri\u2019nin do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda kalan ve hi\u00e7bir zaman Abhazya i\u00e7ine d\u00e2hil olmam\u0131\u015f Samurzakano B\u00f6lgesi (Tarihi G\u00fcrc\u00fc b\u00f6lgesi) Abhazya OSSC\u2019ye d\u00e2hil edildi. (Abhaz ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n en fanatikleri bile Gali B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin Abhazya\u2019ya ait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda hemfikirdirler.)<\/p>\n

Etno-co\u011frafik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile Abhazya topraklar\u0131 geleneksel olarak G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve Abhazlar aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Abhazlar (Da\u011fl\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricileri) da\u011f kanyonlar\u0131nda ve da\u011fl\u0131k k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi Gudauta\u2019da mesk\u00fbn idiler. Megreller (Vadi \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri), Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn topraklar\u0131ndaki k\u0131y\u0131
\nvadilerinde ve ovalar\u0131nda mesk\u00fbn idiler.<\/p>\n

1930\u2019lu y\u0131llardan itibaren Abhazya\u2019da k\u0131y\u0131 turizmine y\u00f6nelik sosyalist ekonominin geli\u015fmesi, \u00e7ay ve turun\u00e7giller gibi koloniyel k\u00fclt\u00fcr bitkilerinin y\u00f6re co\u011frafyas\u0131na ekiminin \u00f6zendirilmesi ve \u00f6zellikle II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 Abhazya i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en Moskova-Tiflisdemiryolu hatt\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 bu durum de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olanlar Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n politik,
\nsosyo-ekonomik ve jeopolitik konumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zaman periyodunda Abhazlar da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerden indiler. \u00c7ok miktarda Rus, Ermeni ve Rum ak\u0131n ak\u0131n Abhazya\u2019ya geldi.<\/p>\n

Samurzakano B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin da\u011fl\u0131k kuzey kesiminde Svanlar (Da\u011fl\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131r yeti\u015ftiricileri) mesk\u00fbn idiler. G\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131 kesiminde ise Megreller ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Yani tarihsel olarak Samurzakano toplam n\u00fcfusunun % 95\u2019i, Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar, Kartvelgil etnik gruplardan olu\u015fuyordu.<\/p>\n

Abhazya topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde (Samurzakano d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda) ise G\u00fcrc\u00fcler yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde Leselidze \u2013 Gagra, Sohumi, Gulrip\u015f, O\u00e7am\u00e7ire b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde G\u00fcrc\u00fcler tarihsel olarak \u00e7o\u011funluktular.<\/p>\n

Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nce Abhazya OSSC\u2019nin n\u00fcfusu 540 bin idi. G\u00fcrc\u00fcler toplam n\u00fcfusun % 45,7\u2019sini (246 bin 800), Abhazlar ise % 17,5\u2019sini (94.500) olu\u015fturuyordu. N\u00fcfusun geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yani % 36,8\u2019ini Ruslar, Ermeniler ve Rumlar olu\u015fturuyordu. Abhazya OSSC\u2019nin y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 8 bin 600 km2’dir ve G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n %12,4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak Abhazya\u2019da etnik ve milli \u00e7o\u011funluk G\u00fcrc\u00fcler idi. Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda G\u00fcrc\u00fclere kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan etnik temizlik ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m ger\u00e7ekte etnik ve milli \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ideolojik zeminini haz\u0131rlayan Abhazya uzman\u0131 ve Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 etkin ajanlar aras\u0131nda yer alan Prof. B. George Hewitt, \u201cKimlik ve Sahiplenme Problemi Olarak Abhazya\u201d kitab\u0131nda (267-323 s.) Abhazya n\u00fcfusu oranlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f veriler vermektedir. Abhazya topraklar\u0131 bir n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131ndan di\u011fer say\u0131ma kadar olan s\u00fcre\u00e7te de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Hewitt kitab\u0131nda konu ile ilgili objektif veriler vermiyor. So\u00e7i\u2019nin d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu Abhazya topraklar\u0131 el konularak Abhazya OSSC\u2019den al\u0131nd\u0131 ve Samurzakano B\u00f6lgesi topraklar\u0131 Abhazya OSSC\u2019ye verildi. Bu durum Abhazya\u2019da G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin etnik temizlik haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck
\neden Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7eklerden sadece birisidir.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 e\u011filim \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da da g\u00f6zlemlenebilir. \u00c7e\u00e7enlere y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m ve \u00c7e\u00e7enleri Cumhuriyetin kuzeybat\u0131 kesiminden \u00e7\u0131karma te\u015febb\u00fcsleri yan\u0131nda Kremlin, \u00c7e\u00e7en \u0130\u00e7kerya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kuzey b\u00f6lgelerini ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli tehdit etmektedir. Bu b\u00f6lgelerde \u00f6nemli say\u0131da Kazak n\u00fcfus ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer tehditler ise \u015funlard\u0131r. 30.000 Rus uzman, Grozni ve \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019n\u0131n end\u00fcstri ge\u00e7i\u015f noktalar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilecektir veya \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc stratejik savunma b\u00f6lgeleri (Yani askeri \u00fcsler veya silahland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Rus yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri) olu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n Politik Temelleri<\/p>\n

<\/b>Daha \u00f6nce belirtildi\u011fi gibi Kremlin, Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, Abhazya OSSC\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda zaten haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Abhazya\u2019daki ve Sama\u00e7ablo\u2019daki sava\u015flar\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan en k\u00f6t\u00fc politik \u2013 ideolojik etmenlerden biri Andry Sakharov\u2019un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi idi. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u201cG\u00fcrcistan bir az\u0131nl\u0131k imparatorlu\u011fudur ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelidir.\u201d idi.<\/p>\n

80\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Abhazya\u2019da \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma provoke edildi ve k\u0131z\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. (Bu k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma Nagorni Karaba\u011f\u2019daki olaylar ile e\u015f zamanl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7ek, olaylar\u0131n koordine edildi\u011fini ve planland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.)<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 tarihlerde, Rusya SSFC i\u00e7inde, Kafkasya Da\u011fl\u0131 Halklar Konfederasyonu (KDHK) bir kamu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak kuruldu ve resmi olarak tescil edildi. Bu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki hedef gelecekte G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a ve ngu\u015feti\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 olacak sava\u015flarda Kremlin\u2019in bu sava\u015flara direkt olarak
\nkar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunu gizlemekti.<\/p>\n

1990 \u2013 1991 y\u0131llar\u0131nda KDHK paramiliter bir \u00f6rg\u00fcte d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki Sovyet ordusuna ait cephane depolar\u0131ndan gizlice \u00e7e\u015fitli silahlar (A\u011f\u0131r silahlar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere) tedarik edildi ve \u00f6rg\u00fct, Kremlin taraf\u0131ndan paral\u0131 askerlerin ve gerillalar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve bak\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in c\u00f6mert\u00e7e finanse edildi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli bir nokta, KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, Abhazya\u2019da ve \u0130ngu\u015feti\u2019de meydana gelen Kremlin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 sava\u015flar hari\u00e7 Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki hi\u00e7bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ile ilgilenmedi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n (\u00c7e\u00e7enler, ngu\u015flar ve di\u011ferleri) kendi kendilerini y\u00f6netme ve
\nba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sava\u015flara hi\u00e7 kat\u0131lmad\u0131 ve bu halklara yard\u0131m etmedi.<\/p>\n

Moskova ve Grozni aras\u0131 ili\u015fkiler keskinle\u015fir keskinle\u015fmez Ardz\u0131nba H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ve KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ait fikirlere yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ektir. \u00d6nemli bir noktada \u015fudur; Kremlin taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7e\u00e7enya t\u0131pk\u0131 Abhazya gibi KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kalelerinden biri olarak planland\u0131 ve Kremlin, Grozni\u2019yi KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci ba\u015fkenti (Sohumi\u2019den sonra) olarak planlad\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekten de k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Grozni\u2019ye, KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn kadrosu, parlamentosu, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti yerle\u015ftirildi ve Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki Rus Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde silahla (Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da kaybolan gizemli silahlar) donat\u0131lan Kafkasya\u2019daki temel silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler bu \u015fehirde topland\u0131. Bu silahl\u0131 gruplar ve hatta a\u011f\u0131r silahlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 (Tanklar ve Grad f\u00fczesi rampalar\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere), Rusya\u2019ya ait otoyollar\u0131 ve demiryollar\u0131 alenen kullan\u0131larak, \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019dan Abhazya\u2019ya nakledildi. Daha sonra, \u00f6zellikle de Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra Dudayev g\u00fc\u00e7leri bu silahlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi.
\n1991 \u2013 1993 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Grozni\u2019de iki h\u00fck\u00fcmet vard\u0131. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerden biri Moskova\u2019dan gittik\u00e7e daha ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z politikalar in\u015fa eden Dudayev H\u00fck\u00fcmeti idi. kinci h\u00fck\u00fcmet ise KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc H\u00fck\u00fcmeti (Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck politik etki, g\u00fc\u00e7 ve
\npara elde etti) idi.<\/p>\n

1992 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonunda ve 1993 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00f6ylesine g\u00fc\u00e7lendi ki Dudayev\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilkbahar\u0131nda, KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn Grozni\u2019deki Dudayev H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne darbe (Putch) giri\u015fimi (Tiyatro Meydan\u0131 Darbesi), \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019daki t\u00fcm g\u00fcce son vermek i\u00e7in KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn bir te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc idi. Fakat bu giri\u015fim ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019daki KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc kalelerine, Dudayev g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda silah te\u00e7hizat\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irildi. \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019n\u0131n ikinci adam\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Yusuf Soslambekov (KDHK Parlamentosu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve \u00c7e\u00e7enya
\nParlamentosu D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Komisyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131), \u00c7e\u00e7en Halk Kongresi taraf\u0131ndan (\u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019daki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kamu \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc) vatan haini olarak su\u00e7land\u0131 ve Moskova\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirildi.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn darbe giri\u015fimi, KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve \u00c7e\u00e7enya aras\u0131nda meydana gelen bir sava\u015ft\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesi idi.<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 tarihlerde Abhazya\u2019daki KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 (Aralar\u0131nda 300 kadar \u00c7e\u00e7en sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 da vard\u0131.) y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri sava\u015f\u0131n \u015eevardnadze rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Abhazya i\u00e7in olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, G\u00fcrc\u00fc halk\u0131na ve Kremlin i\u00e7in Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgaline y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na vard\u0131. Bu sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019ya geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler ve Dudayev\u2019in ordusuna kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Pop\u00fcler bir \u00c7e\u00e7en \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zleri \u015f\u00f6yledir; \u201cAbhazya\u2019ya KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak gittim, \u00c7e\u00e7en vatanseveri ve milliyet\u00e7isi olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fcm.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u00e7enya Sava\u015f\u0131, KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 niteli\u011fini daha a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda G\u00fcrc\u00fc kuvvetlerinin yenilmesini sa\u011flayan bu s\u00f6zde kuvvetli paramiliter organizasyon, kuvvetsiz ve adeta fel\u00e7li bir duruma geldi ve \u00c7e\u00e7enya Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne de\u011fil askeri anlamda, politik ve manevi bir yard\u0131m bile yapmad\u0131. Bu da KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn, Kremlin\u2019in G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a askeri bir m\u00fcdahalede bulunmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir perde oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yeni-emperyalist plan\u0131, KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan Sama\u00e7ablo (G\u00fcney Osetya) ve Abhazya topraklar\u0131n\u0131 koparmak, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131rken
\nkendine ba\u011fl\u0131 ve Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 askeri ve stratejik yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri\u00a0 (Moldova\u2019da Pridnestrovje ve Gagavuzya, Ukrayna\u2019da K\u0131r\u0131m, Azerbaycan\u2019da Karaba\u011f ve Nagorni v.s.) yaratmak idi. Bu planda, Abhazlar\u0131n ve Oslar\u0131n rol\u00fc s\u00f6zde Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fan n\u00fcfuslar olmalar\u0131 idi.
\nKazaklar, Kafkasya\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda ve \u00f6zellikle Abhazya\u2019da en sevimsiz rol\u00fc oynad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Sosyalizm d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ger\u00e7ek Kazaklar (Kulaklar), 1920 ve 1930 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan yok edildiler. Perestroyka d\u00f6neminde, \u00e7o\u011funlukla Sovyet\u00a0 Ordusundan emekli subaylardan (emekli olduktan sonra gizli servis i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131\u015f) olu\u015fan\u00a0 Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 paramiliter
\norganizasyonlar (sahtek\u00e2r Kazaklardan olu\u015fan) kuruldu.<\/p>\n

Bu paramiliter organizasyonlar, Kremlin taraf\u0131ndan c\u00f6mert\u00e7e finanse edildi ve silahland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu organizasyonlar Moldova, Abhazya, Sama\u00e7ablo (G\u00fcney Osetya), \u0130ngu\u015feti sava\u015flar\u0131nda aktif bir \u015fekilde yer ald\u0131lar. Ayn\u0131 Kazaklar \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 da yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u015eu noktay\u0131 anlamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Kremlin i\u00e7in \u201cEtnik \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma\u201d maskesini kullanmak sonu\u00e7 almada \u00e7ok etkilidir. Bu maske, Kremlin\u2019i direkt sorumlu yapmadan ona inan\u0131lmaz derecede zul\u00fcm yapma ve kan d\u00f6kme f\u0131rsat\u0131 vermektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde etkin medya her zaman bu olaylar\u0131 \u201cMilliyet\u00e7ilerin Etnik Zulm\u00fc\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamakta fakat Kremlin\u2019in zulm\u00fcnden hi\u00e7 bahsetmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Kafkasya\u2019da Ruslar\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131 sonucu meydana gelen sava\u015flar\u0131n \u201cEtnik \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u201d olarak isimlendirilmesi, Kremlin\u2019in propagandas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur. \u00d6rne\u011fin Newsweek Dergisi\u2019nin 4 Ocak 1992 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fu \u015fekilde yaz\u0131yordu. \u201c1992-Karde\u015f Katli Y\u0131l\u0131, Kom\u015fundan Nefret Et: Etnik \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u201d. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u201cEtnik \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamak kesinlikle yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir bilgi Kremlin\u2019in G\u00fcrcistan,\u00a0 Azerbaycan ve \u0130ngu\u015feti topraklar\u0131nda, y\u00fcz binlerce \u00e7ocuk, kad\u0131n ve ya\u015fl\u0131 insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesine katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1995 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra durum biraz de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc bitmeyen \u00c7e\u00e7enya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 petrol probleminin keskinle\u015fmesi Rusya\u2019n\u0131n amac\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi ve bu zaman periyodu i\u00e7inde \u201cPetrol\u00fcn Ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in S\u00fcrekli Politik B\u00f6lge\u201d in\u015fa etme plan\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu.
\n\u00c7e\u00e7enya Sava\u015f\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun yorumlar\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Kafkasya\u2019daki politik durumu ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun olarak anlatan resimler vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar fakat hala iftiralar\u0131na devam ediyorlar.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin Ariel KOHEN\u2019in (Politika Analisti) 25 Ocak 1996 tarihli \u201cKafkasya ve Orta Asya\u2019daki Petrol Politikalar\u0131\u201d yaz\u0131s\u0131na bir bakal\u0131m;
\n\u201c\u015eu anda D\u00fcnya, do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan birlikte i\u015fletilmesi veya kan ve zenginlik i\u00e7inde bir gelecekle sonu\u00e7lanabilecek bo\u015f bir \u00e7aba ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Kafkasya\u2019daki ve Orta Asya\u2019daki b\u00f6lgesel
\n\u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, D\u00fcnyan\u0131n XXI. yy.da ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli petrol ve gaz rezervlerinin, Bat\u0131\u2019ya ge\u00e7i\u015finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 tehdit ediyor. Rus Ordusu taraf\u0131ndan (Neden Politikac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil? -Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili)
\n\u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da, Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan aras\u0131nda, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da sava\u015flar ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131 veya \u015fiddetlendirildi. Bu sava\u015flar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, gelecekte boru hatlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edecek olanlar\u0131 belirleyebilir. Moskova,
\n(kontrol edecek olan\u0131n) Rusya olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyor. Moskova\u2019daki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar gruplar\u0131, Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulacak g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n Rusya i\u00e7inden\u00a0 ge\u00e7mesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck gayret sarf
\nediyorlar.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cG\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki Drama. Potensiyel petrol g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek bir\u00a0 ba\u015fka \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, Kafkasya\u2019da, G\u00fcrcistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde oluyor. Rusya, G\u00fcrcistan \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ge\u00e7en ve Bat\u0131 rotas\u0131na giden Azerbaycan ve Kazakistan petrol\u00fcn\u00fc engellemek istemektedir.\u00a0 Moskova\u2019n\u0131n, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki sivil \u00e7eki\u015fmelere destek vermesi, onun Kafkasya\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme amac\u0131 ile direkt olarak ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1991 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1993 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar G\u00fcrcistan, G\u00fcrcistan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u00a0 Eduard \u015eevardnadze (Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 ajan \u2013 Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili) taraftarlar\u0131 ile devrik ba\u015fkan\u00a0 Zviad Gamsakhurdia (Kremlin kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u2013 Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili) taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirleri ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanl\u0131 bir\u00a0 sivil sava\u015f\u0131n ortas\u0131nda kald\u0131. Politik \u015fiddet kronik hale geldi. Neticede yenilen Gamsakhurdia 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u00a0 intihar etti ya da gizemli bir \u015fekilde
\n\u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc (Dudayev gibi). Fakar \u015eevardnadze, Gamsakhurdia\u2019 ya ka\u015f\u0131 elde\u00a0 etti\u011fi zaferden sonra sava\u015f lordlar\u0131n\u0131n ve milislerin ona meydan okumalar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bu siyasi de\u011fi\u015fiklikteki nihai deste\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u015eevardnadze, \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011fu Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011fu\u2019na (BDT) 1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda kat\u0131lmaya mecbur kald\u0131 (Asl\u0131nda BDT\u2019ye
\nkat\u0131lmak \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin amac\u0131 idi -Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili). \u015eevardnadze\u00a0 bu ad\u0131mdan vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini ilan eden bir bildiri okumaya te\u015febb\u00fcs etti\u011finde, Rus diplomatlar\u0131 bildiriyi\u00a0 \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin ellerinden ald\u0131lar ve ona okumas\u0131
\ni\u00e7in Moskova\u2019n\u0131n onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir metin verdiler (Zavall\u0131 \u015eevardnadze! –\u00a0 Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili). \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin Rus patronlar\u0131n\u0131n ellerindeki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n derecesi b\u00f6yle idi.<\/p>\n

1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova, G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en bir boru hatt\u0131 (Azeri petrol\u00fc i\u00e7in) in\u015fa edilmemesi i\u00e7in \u015eevardnadze\u2019yi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, petrol\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye\u00a0 sonradan tankerler ile ta\u015f\u0131nabilece\u011fi G\u00fcrcistan Supsa Liman\u0131\u2019na (Poti ve Tbilisi aras\u0131nda) getirmek istediler. Ruslar yine de itiraz ettiler.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze, boru hatt\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilmesini kabul etmemesinden hemen sonra bir suikast te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc (\u00d6rne\u011fin Kremlin\u2019in d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bir suikast -Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili) ile yaraland\u0131. 29 A\u011fustos 1995 tarihinde
\nkendi otomobilinin yan\u0131ndaki bir arac\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan bir bomba\u00a0 patlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze, ya\u015fam\u0131na kasteden bu giri\u015fimin arkas\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu defalarca dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze\u2019nin g\u00fcvenlik \u015fefi, \u015f\u00fcpheli san\u0131k gor Giorgadze Rusya\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131. Giorgadze, \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin hayat\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etmeyi hala s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u015eevardnadze, \u015f\u00fcphelinin Rusya\u2019dan iadesini talep etti ve Rusya Genel
\nSavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Giorgadze\u2019nin tutuklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir emir \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ra\u011fmen, Rusya \u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Giorgadze\u2019nin \u00fclkesine geri verilmesini kabul etmedi ve Giorgadze hala serbesttir (Fakat Zviadistler Tiflis\u2019e geri
\nverilmi\u015ftir -Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili).<\/p>\n

Abhazya\u2019da Sava\u015f. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi Abhazya, ba\u015fka bir tehlikeli \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u00e7in i\u00e7in yan\u0131yor. Abhazya\u2019da 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan zamans\u0131z sava\u015f 35 binin \u00fczerinde cana mal oldu. Sava\u015f,
\nTiflis\u2019teki G\u00fcrc\u00fc H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019ne (Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 -Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili) kar\u015f\u0131 Rus Ordusunun (Kremlin\u2019in -Bessarion Gugushvili), ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Abhaz az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 desteklemesi sonucu h\u0131z kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015fa kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131 zay\u0131flatmak, b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrk ve Bat\u0131 etkisini frenlemek idi. Fakat\u00a0 Rusya i\u00e7in daha da \u00f6nemli olan petrol yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutma hedefi idi. Rusya, bu hedefe uygun hareket ederek Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n uzun Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 hatt\u0131 \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fc fiili\u00a0 olarak elde etti.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Moskova, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 limanlar\u0131 Novorossisk ve Tuapse\u2019yi koruyordu ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n petrol ihra\u00e7 etti\u011fi Supsa, Batum ve Poti Limanlar\u0131na\u00a0 yak\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yordu. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n etraf\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131lan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Eduard \u015eevardnadze, G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde d\u00f6rt adet Rus askeri \u00fcss\u00fcn\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131na raz\u0131 oldu. B\u00f6ylece Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en petrol ge\u00e7i\u015f g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131 Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne giriyordu.<\/p>\n

1994 ve 1995 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da belaya girince ve \u00c7e\u00e7enlere operasyon emirleri, Abhazya\u2019da mevcut bulunan \u00c7e\u00e7en e\u011fitim kamplar\u0131nda e\u011fitim veren \u00c7e\u00e7en Komutan taraf\u0131ndan verilince (\u00c7e\u00e7enler i\u00e7in \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da e\u011fitim kamplar\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yer ve para\u00a0 mevcut de\u011fil mi? -Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili), Moskova \u00c7e\u00e7enlerin m\u00fcttefiki olan Abhaz isyanc\u0131lara (\u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019y\u0131 ne kadar destekliyorlar? Elinizde sunabilecek
\nveri var m\u0131? -Bessarion Gugu\u015fvili) daha az destek vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nFakat yine de Rusya ne Abhazya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kapatmay\u0131 kabul etti ne de\u00a0 Abhazya Ba\u015fkenti Sohumi\u2019deki ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmete finansal ve askeri deste\u011fini esirgedi. \u015eevardnadze,\u00a0 Ruslara G\u00fcrcistan topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00fcs
\nkurma izni vermesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ruslar\u0131n Abhazya konusunda taviz verece\u011fini \u00fcmit etmi\u015fti.\u201d<\/p>\n

Okuyucunun da g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi gibi, bu \u00e7ok fazla ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i makalede bile G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n ve \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019n\u0131n ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketlerine kar\u015f\u0131 olan d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015eevardnadze rejimine olan deste\u011fi g\u00f6rebiliriz.
\nBelirtilmesi gereken bir konu da G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal otoritelerinin 1991 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri Bat\u0131\u2019ya petrol konusunda ger\u00e7ek bir konum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kremlin\u2019e ise boykot uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrcistan ve Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fcmetleri aras\u0131nda m\u00fczakereler ba\u015flat\u0131larak, Bak\u00fc ve Batum aras\u0131 petrol boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayan Bak\u00fc-Poti ge\u00e7i\u015f kompleksinin in\u015fas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanan plan d\u00e2hilinde ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zaten 1992 y\u0131l\u0131na ait devlet b\u00fct\u00e7esinde bu projelerin finansman\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Fakat baz\u0131 bat\u0131l\u0131 politikac\u0131lar, Kremlin ve G\u00fcrcistan Nomenclaturalar\u0131 ile r\u00fc\u015fvet \u00fcst\u00fcne kurulu ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirerek G\u00fcrcistan kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 propagandaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bat\u0131, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u201cY\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Petrol Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 Projesini\u201d gizlemi\u015ftir. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Zviad Gamsakhurdia liderli\u011findeki yasal otoriteler, Abhazya\u2019da Kremlin Politikas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda durarak, Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 federalizmin yumu\u015fak dengeli politik \u00e7izgisine do\u011fru g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Otonom Cumhuriyete (Abhazya\u2019ya), geni\u015f bir politik ve ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k tan\u0131n\u0131yordu ve Abhazlara (Milli Az\u0131nl\u0131k), Abhazya Parlamentosu\u2019nda \u00e7o\u011funluk kotas\u0131 veriliyordu.
\nBu politik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler, Abhazya\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve istikrar\u0131n s\u00fcrmesi konusunda G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal otoritelerine yard\u0131m etti.<\/p>\n

Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan kopar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l nedeni, 1991 ve 1992 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Tiflis\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve askeri nitelikli darbe idi. Bu darbe, SSCB\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc (Belovez Entrikas\u0131) ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak, Kremlin istihbarat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi ve Eduard \u015eevardnadze taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin devrilmesi ve Rus ordusunun arkas\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu su\u00e7lular\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, Kremlin\u2019in propagandas\u0131 sonucu, \u201cDemokratik G\u00fc\u00e7lerin Zaferi\u201d olarak resmedildi. Etkin Bat\u0131 medyas\u0131 ve \u015eevardnadze taraftar\u0131 istihbarat ajanlar\u0131, demokrasi ve insan haklar\u0131 ilkelerine ihanet ederek bu tezi desteklediler.<\/p>\n

Bir sonraki \u201cAskeri Konsey \u2013 G\u00fcrcistan Devlet Konseyi\u201d ba\u015fkan\u0131, gasp\u00e7\u0131 ve \u00e7etelerin yak\u0131n dostu Eduard \u015eevardnadze, Helsinki Kararlar\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131na izin verdi. Sadece bu ger\u00e7ek bile bu belgelere sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrcistan, eski SSCB topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Nomenclatura\u2019n\u0131n, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle Kremlin\u2019in \u00e7ok kuvvetli b\u00fcrokrasisinin ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i (\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131) g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin arka \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kom\u00fcnist Parti\u2019nin mafya ile yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7erisindeki \u015fiddet yanl\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcyelerinin (KGB \u015eefi Eduard
\n\u015eevardnadze ve \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00e7ete lideri J. Oseliani) iktidara geldi\u011fi ilk \u00fclke idi. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal otoriteleri, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Nomenclatura anar\u015fisinin G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan di\u011fer eski SSCB b\u00f6lgelerine ve hatta Bat\u0131\u2019ya yay\u0131lmas\u0131 tehlikesi konusunda D\u00fcnya Demokratik Kamuoyunu ve nsan Haklar\u0131
\nOrganizasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 uyar\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7evreler \u0131srarla \u201cDiktat\u00f6r Gamsakhurdia\u2019n\u0131n Devrilmesi ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da Demokratik G\u00fc\u00e7lerin Zaferi\u201d sa\u00e7mal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n rekl\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da, su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Nomenclatura\u2019n\u0131n \u201cdemokratik\u201d (!) darbesi ve askeri ihtilal, t\u00fcm eski SSCB topraklar\u0131nda ve hatta Bat\u0131\u2019da bu kanl\u0131 senaryonun ilk ve en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonucu idi.<\/p>\n

Kremlin\u2019in bu oyunu i\u015fledi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc D\u00fcnya Demokratik Kamuoyu ve nsan Haklar\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fctleri, insan haklar\u0131na ve demokrasiye kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen bu tecav\u00fczleri g\u00f6rmezden geldiler. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki \u201cdemokratik\u201d (!) darbeyi, Azerbaycan\u2019da, Tacikistan\u2019da ve \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da, benzer \u201cdemokratik\u201d (!)
\ndarbe serileri izledi. Bununla birlikte, \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da halk ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet, 1991 ve 1992 y\u0131llar\u0131nda G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da neler olup bitti\u011fini kavram\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bu senaryo orada i\u015flemedi. Bu nedenle Rusya\u2019n\u0131n, \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da ordusunu kullanmaktan ba\u015fka bir se\u00e7ene\u011fi yoktu.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal olan b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmet makamlar\u0131n\u0131n (Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Yarg\u0131tay, b\u00f6lgesel h\u00fck\u00fcmetler) devrilmesi, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki Anayasan\u0131n iptali ve 1921 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kabul\u00fc (Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn hi\u00e7 bahsedilmedi\u011fi) ile G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da Eduard \u015eevardnadze liderli\u011findeki Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin tamam\u0131, gittik\u00e7e yakla\u015fan bir Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131 ile
\nG\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n bozguna u\u011framas\u0131 i\u00e7in Kremlin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ad\u0131na en iyi zemini garantilediler.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 G\u00fcrcistan, Abhazya \u00fczerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn yasal ve anayasal haklar\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n\u2022\u00a0 Tiflis\u2019in yasal olmayan otoriteleri ile Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n yasal otoriteleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki meydana gelmi\u015fti.
\n\u2022\u00a0 Kremlin\u2019in kiral\u0131k katilleri, \u00fclkenin toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn garantisi olan vatansever silahl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini darbe s\u0131ras\u0131nda yok ettiler.
\n\u2022\u00a0 Daha sonra SSCB\u2019ye ait Karadeniz Filosu\u2019nun payla\u015f\u0131m s\u00fcreci s\u0131ras\u0131nda G\u00fcrcistan tek ki\u015filik askeri tekneleri bile elde edemedi ve yakla\u015fan Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda tamamen zay\u0131f kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131dan en \u00f6nemli taraf\u0131 (G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da meydana gelen di\u011fer politik ve \u201cetnik\u201d (!) \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da), G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu i\u00e7in her zaman \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir jeopolitik ve jeostratejik bir kav\u015fak noktas\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve olaca\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131na Haz\u0131rl\u0131k
\n<\/b>
\nTiflis\u2019te, yasal ve demokratik se\u00e7imlerle i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015f otoritelerin devrilmesinden sonra \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc niteli\u011findeki askeri cunta y\u00f6netimi, egemenli\u011fini b\u00fct\u00fcn G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a yaymay\u0131 ba\u015faramad\u0131. Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da, \u00f6zellikle Megrelya\u2019da, Acara\u2019da ve Abhazya\u2019da, yerel yasal yap\u0131lar (Abhazya\u2019da ve Acara\u2019da mevcut yap\u0131lar t\u00fcm kollar\u0131 ile) kendilerini muhafaza ettiler.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015f e\u011fmemenin ve muhalefetin (direni\u015fin) merkezi, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde bu b\u00f6lgede yarat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Abhazya tamamen yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmetin (Gamsakhurdia\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131) kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda idi ve Abhazya\u2019da Gamsakhurdia taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n gazeteleri yay\u0131mlan\u0131yordu.
\n1992 ve 1993 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u015eevardnadze rejimi ba\u015f e\u011fmez Megrelya\u2019ya, geni\u015f \u00e7apta ve \u00e7ok sert \u00fc\u00e7 sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenledi. Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin arkada\u015f\u0131 ve yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olan \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00e7eteci J. oseliani liderli\u011findeki Mkhedrioni \u00e7etesi, i\u00e7lerinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n
\noldu\u011fu y\u00fczlerce sivili \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ayr\u0131ca y\u00fczlerce evi kundaklad\u0131 ve soydu, binlerce aileye sald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Etkin medya organlar\u0131, yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde Megrel kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 propaganda yapt\u0131lar. Do\u011fu G\u00fcrcistan (Tiflis), Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a (Megrelya) kar\u015f\u0131t bir konuma oturtuldu. \u201cTiflis\u2019te ya\u015fayanlar en \u00fcst\u00fcn (en y\u00fcksek) etno-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u00f6kene sahiptir ve bu nedenle G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netme hakk\u0131 onlara aittir.\u201d \u015feklindeki \u201cOrijinal Tiflis Sakinleri\u201d ve \u201cOrijinal Kent Sakinleri\u201d gibi
\nFa\u015fist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler halk aras\u0131na adeta ekildi. Yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmet yanda\u015flar\u0131 ise ta\u015fral\u0131, kaba, s\u0131radan, pis kokan, ilkel insanlar olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Megrelya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan bu sert hakaretler yine de tepkiye neden oldu. Megrelya halk\u0131 yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde silahlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Halk sadece politik olarak de\u011fil, silahl\u0131 bir direni\u015f g\u00f6stermeye de organize edildi. Bu durum, Abhazya\u2019daki ve Megrelya\u2019daki yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmet yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Mkhedrioni sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kendilerini savunmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze rejimi i\u00e7in en tedirginlik verici etmen, Abhazya\u2019da bulunan yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmet yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri faaliyetlerdi. Sohumi merkezinde yap\u0131lan protesto g\u00f6sterileri, darbenin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden sona erdi\u011fi g\u00fcne kadar (Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na kadar) 200 g\u00fcn boyunca devam etti.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca Megrelya\u2019n\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 olan erzak, ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7, te\u00e7hizat Abhazya\u2019dan elde edildi. \u015eevardnadze rejimi, Megrelya\u2019y\u0131 ekonomik ve bilgisel abluka yollar\u0131 ile bo\u011fmay\u0131 ba\u015faramad\u0131. Abhazya, Megrelya i\u00e7in iyi bir arka saf ve geride kalan halk ile ileti\u015fim kurmada iyi bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc idi.
\n\u015eevardnadze rejiminin Abhazya\u2019da sava\u015f planlamas\u0131n\u0131n bir nedeni daha vard\u0131. Abhazya\u2019da bir sava\u015f meydana gelmesi \u015eevardnadze\u2019yi derin bir politik krizin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itebilirdi. Tiflis medyas\u0131, sava\u015ftan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin tehdidini yay\u0131mlad\u0131; \u201cG\u00fcrcistan, e\u011fer Megrelya
\nyat\u0131\u015fmaz ise Sama\u00e7ablo\u2019da u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan daha a\u011f\u0131r fiyaskolara\u00a0 u\u011frayacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece, \u015eevardnadze rejimi ve Kremlin, Abhazya\u2019da bir sava\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtarak \u015fu hedeflere ula\u015fmay\u0131 planl\u0131yordu;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan kopararak Rus ordusu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal ve ilhak edilmesi i\u00e7in
\nKremlin\u2019e gereken zemini (ortam\u0131) sa\u011flamak.
\n\u2022\u00a0 Megrelya halk\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de Abhazya\u2019daki Megrelleri cezaland\u0131rmak.
\n\u2022\u00a0 Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019daki direni\u015f merkezini yok etmek.
\n\u2022\u00a0 Su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Nomenclatura rejimini ve mafyay\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da\u00a0 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek.<\/p>\n

Fakat Liberty Radyosu\u2019nun G\u00fcrc\u00fc personeli, Abhazya\u2019daki sava\u015f\u0131n Gamsakhurdia taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bug\u00fcne kadar yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u0130lk Basama\u011f\u0131
\n<\/b>
\n\u0130ktidar\u0131 \u015fiddet kullanarak ele ge\u00e7iren, hatta hi\u00e7bir resmi, hukuki ve yasal temele sahip olmayan \u015eevardnadze rejimi, Sovyet ordusuna ait silah depolar\u0131ndan etkileyici miktarlarda hafif ve a\u011f\u0131r silah yard\u0131m\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131, en ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a su\u00e7lu ve vah\u015fi bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 g\u00fcnlerinden itibaren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda personel (Yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 bin adam ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da a\u011f\u0131r askeri te\u00e7hizat -yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 adet tank ve di\u011fer silahl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar, geni\u015f kalibreli namluya sahip y\u00fczlerce top, onlarca u\u00e7ak ve helikopter, yayl\u0131m ate\u015f i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere roket (f\u00fcze) yuvalar\u0131-) kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bahsi ge\u00e7en te\u00e7hizat ve toplar Abhaz askeri g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lmad\u0131 fakat bar\u0131\u015f isteyen halka, bunlara ait k\u00f6yleri ve kasabalar\u0131 yok ederek kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze rejiminin \u00e7ete \u00fcyeleri, askeri faaliyetlerden \u00f6te soyguna kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu \u00e7ete \u00fcyeleri G\u00fcrc\u00fclere ve Megrellere sald\u0131r\u0131p, onlar\u0131 soyuyorlard\u0131. Sava\u015f\u0131n daha ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 evrelerinde, Abhazya\u2019daki G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusun sadece tarafs\u0131z kalmay\u0131p, bir\u00e7ok olayda J. oseliani ve T.Kitovani
\n\u00e7etelerine silahl\u0131 bir direni\u015f g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi \u00f6nemle belirtilmesi gereken bir noktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ya\u015famaya al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Abhazlar ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcler (Megreller) aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k yaratmak i\u00e7in Kitovani ve Oseliani katilleri (\u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fu uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131s\u0131 idi), uluorta ve herkesin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde Abhazlara kar\u015f\u0131 zul\u00fcm yaparak onlar\u0131
\nk\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131lar. Di\u011fer taraftan, Abhaz ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar ve KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 kiral\u0131k katiller daha da fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Gamsakhurdia, D\u00fcnya kamuoyuna yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta, Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 \u015eevardnadze rejiminin ve Ardz\u0131nba\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131n Abhazya\u2019daki G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusu soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011fratmak oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uyar\u0131larda bulunmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmet otoriteleri ve Dudayev H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, sava\u015f\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatt\u0131. Sohumi\u2019ye karma bir delegasyon g\u00f6nderildi ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat Kremlin bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fratt\u0131. Dudayev, sava\u015f\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinden itibaren \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019n\u0131n Abhazya\u2019ya sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in insan g\u00f6ndermedi\u011fini ilan etti. Abhazya\u2019daki, Kremlin ve
\n\u015eevardnadze politikalar\u0131n\u0131 sert bir \u015fekilde ele\u015ftirdi ve bir\u00e7ok defa bar\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Abhazya’n\u0131n Ele Ge\u00e7irilmesi<\/p>\n

<\/b>Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ilk basama\u011f\u0131, Gagra\u2019n\u0131n kaybedilmesinden ve \u015eevardnadze ile Ardz\u0131nba aras\u0131nda imzalanan So\u00e7i Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra sona erdi. Antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Abhazya\u2019daki G\u00fcrc\u00fc askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leri a\u011f\u0131r silahlardan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler Abhazya topraklar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmak zorunda idi. B\u00f6ylece, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusu, Abhaz ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ve Kazaklar\u0131n ellerinde rehine olarak kal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

O s\u0131ralarda ate\u015fkes hatt\u0131 Gumista Nehri (Sohumi\u2019nin sa\u011f yan\u0131) boyunca \u00e7izildi. Zaten bu hatt\u0131n Bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f olan G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusu ya tamamen yok edilmi\u015fti ya da ka\u00e7may\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Gagra\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusu, Rus paral\u0131 askerler, Kazaklar ve Abhaz ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrelendi (ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131) ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir zul\u00fcmle yok edildi. Birka\u00e7 saat i\u00e7inde binlerce Gagra sakini, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk olmak \u00fczere, kad\u0131nlar ve ya\u015fl\u0131 insanlar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcler. Ceset tepeleri ya toplu mezarlara buldozerlerle g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc ya da denize bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Abhazya\u2019dan gelen ilk m\u00fclteci ak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 bin – 20 bin ki\u015fi Megrelya\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu b\u00f6lgenin fakir sosyo \u2013 ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 daha da k\u00f6t\u00fc hale getirdi.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze rejiminin Abhazya\u2019da meydana gelen bu a\u00e7\u0131k fiyaskosu, b\u00fct\u00fcn G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da protesto g\u00f6sterilerine neden oldu.<\/p>\n

Megrel direni\u015f\u00e7iler, Abhazya\u2019dan panik i\u00e7inde ka\u00e7an ve Megrelya\u2019dan ge\u00e7en, \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin yenilmi\u015f \u00e7etecilerinden \u00f6nemli miktarda hafif silah ve bir miktar da a\u011f\u0131r silah ele ge\u00e7irdiler.<\/p>\n

1993 Yaz\u0131 itibari ile Megrelya topraklar\u0131n\u0131n hemen hemen tamam\u0131, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Zviad\u00a0 Gamsakhurdia\u2019ya sadakatle ba\u011fl\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan Milli Muhaf\u0131z Ordusu\u2019nun kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda idi. \u015eevardnadze rejiminin Abhazya\u2019dan ayr\u0131lan askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leri a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde yasal otoriteleri
\ndesteklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Yasal Meclis ve Bakanlar Kabinesi Zugdidi\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n direni\u015f b\u00f6lgesi, Sohumi\u2019den Tskhenistskhali ve Rioni Nehirlerine ula\u015fan ve yasal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda olan geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Abhazya’da Etnik Temizlik
\n<\/b>
\n1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 ortas\u0131nda, yasal otoritelerin Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinden rahats\u0131z olan Kremlin\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler, Abhazya\u2019da ba\u015fka bir sava\u015f\u0131 provoke ettiler.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze \u00f6nleyici tedbirler ald\u0131 s\u00f6z dinler Parlamentoyu da\u011f\u0131tarak tek adam diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kurdu. Bu, Abhazya\u2019da yap\u0131lacak yeni bir katliam\u0131n ilk i\u015fareti idi. Abhazya\u2019da, G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusa uygulanan soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n son basama\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, Ekim ay\u0131nda Moskova\u2019da yap\u0131lan silahl\u0131 askeri darbe ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Yasal otoriteler aceleyle D\u00fcnya Kamuoyuna seslendi. Abhazya\u2019da sava\u015f\u0131n canlanaca\u011f\u0131 ve Abhazya\u2019daki G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusun soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde onlar\u0131 uyard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten de birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde Sohumi ve O\u00e7am\u00e7ire B\u00f6lgelerinde ac\u0131mas\u0131z ve yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde bombard\u0131man ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu bombard\u0131manda a\u011f\u0131r toplar, u\u00e7aklar ve f\u00fczeler kullan\u0131ld\u0131. So\u00e7i Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re Abhazlar bu t\u00fcr te\u00e7hizata sahip olmamal\u0131yd\u0131. Kremlin bunu garanti etmi\u015fti. G\u00fcrc\u00fc halk\u0131n\u0131n yok edilme tehdidi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu sezen Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Zviad
\nGamsakhurdia, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu Grozni\u2019den (\u00c7e\u00e7enya) ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc halk\u0131n\u0131n yasal ve askeri savunmas\u0131n\u0131 organize etmek \u00fczere Zugdidi\u2019ye (Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan) geldi. Onun bu ad\u0131m\u0131 hayati risk ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Zviad Gamsakhurdia, geli\u015finden hemen sonra Gali ve O\u00e7am\u00e7ire b\u00f6lgelerindeki cephe hatlar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret etti. G\u00fcrc\u00fc Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri\u2019nde mevcut komutanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 ile (\u015eevardnadze rejimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere) g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve onlar\u0131 O\u00e7am\u00e7ire B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde birle\u015fik
\nsavunma hatt\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde zorlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 ilk sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 verdi. G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Birle\u015fik Askeri G\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ortak operasyonu bir sonraki g\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131 ile ba\u015flad\u0131.
\nFakat \u015eevardnadze rejimine ba\u011fl\u0131 askerler sonraki g\u00fcn ihanet ettiler. Tiflis\u2019ten gelen emirleri dinleyerek pozisyonlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar ve Kutaisi \u2013 Tiflis y\u00f6n\u00fcne ilerlediler. Yasal otoritelere ba\u011fl\u0131 askeri g\u00fc\u00e7ler ku\u015fat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7ler \u0130nguri Nehri\u2019nin di\u011fer taraf\u0131n\u0131n gerisinde kendi y\u00f6ntemleri ile sava\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu arada halk\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in yapabileceklerinin en iyisini yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Abhazya co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n Sohumi\u2019den Gali\u2019ye kadar olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde savunmas\u0131z G\u00fcrc\u00fc halk\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde yok edilmesine ba\u015fland\u0131. Silahs\u0131z n\u00fcfusa y\u00f6nelik olan bu a\u011f\u0131r infaz, ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 Abhazlar, KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 paral\u0131 askerler, Kazaklar, Ermeniler ve Rus askerleri
\ntaraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131 25.000 civar\u0131nda insan,\u00a0 \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ocuk, kad\u0131n ve yaral\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde vurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130kisi Abhaz, birisi Sohumi\u2019den di\u011feri Erevan\u2019dan (Karaba\u011f\u2019da sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in ya\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a gen\u00e7 olan) iki Ermeni, geride kalanlar\u0131 ya Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019dan ya da Sibirya gibi\u00a0 yerlerden gelen grup d\u0131\u015f\u0131 on iki cephe
\nhatt\u0131 askeri idiler. Onlar ne ile motive edildiler? Ya\u011fma ve ganimet ile…<\/p>\n

Onlara mandalina bah\u00e7eleri i\u00e7inde evler vaat edildi. Onlara araba vaat edildi.\u201d<\/p>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7menler ak\u0131n ak\u0131n Megrelya\u2019ya ka\u00e7t\u0131lar. Y\u00fcksek da\u011flar\u0131n dondurucu so\u011fu\u011funda ve kar\u0131nda binlercesi, Kodori ve Lia Nehirlerinin dar ve derin vadilerinden, y\u00fcksek da\u011f ge\u00e7itlerinden ge\u00e7tiler ve kendi yollar\u0131n\u0131 kendileri a\u00e7t\u0131lar. Y\u00fczlercesi dondurucu so\u011fu\u011fa ve a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa dayanamad\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00e7o\u011fu yanlar\u0131na giysi, e\u015fya, mal, para, belge, de\u011ferli e\u015fya almay\u0131 ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu rejim yanl\u0131s\u0131 soyguncular taraf\u0131ndan yolda soyuldu.<\/p>\n

Kremlinin Rol\u00fc
\n<\/b>
\nAbhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmesi gereken hususlar \u015funlard\u0131r;<\/p>\n

1) <\/b>Rus askeri gemileri, Sohumi\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015fmesi \u00f6ncesinde Sohumi ve Gulrip\u015f b\u00f6lgelerinden sadece Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fan halk\u0131 tahliye etmi\u015flerdir. G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile birlikte gemilere yakla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda ise \u00fczerlerine makineli t\u00fcfeklerle ate\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ekilen video g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri Zugdidi Televizyonu taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2) <\/b>Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00f6lgede bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yeterli say\u0131da askeri kuvvet Rus askeri \u00fcslerinde (So\u00e7i Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re Abhazya\u2019da bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n garant\u00f6r\u00fc Rusya idi.) mevcuttu. Bu kuvvetler hi\u00e7bir giri\u015fimde bulunmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

3) <\/b>Rus askeri g\u00fc\u00e7leri, Abhaz ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 paral\u0131 askerleri a\u011f\u0131r silahlar ve te\u00e7hizat ile donatmakla kalmad\u0131. Onlar\u0131 askeri birliklerle ve ate\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc ile d\u00fczenli olarak destekledi. Rus askeri gemilerinin geceleri O\u00e7am\u00e7ire\u2019yi bombalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve f\u00fczelerle vurdu\u011fu iyi bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n

4) <\/b>Etnik temizlik sava\u015f\u0131n son a\u015famas\u0131 olarak \u00f6nceden planland\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu a\u015fama k\u0131\u015f mevsiminin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda yer almal\u0131yd\u0131. Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan i\u00e7in yo\u011fun ve y\u00fcksek seviyede kar anlam\u0131na delen k\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131nda halk\u0131n Do\u011fu Abhazya\u2019daki veya Samurzakano\u2019daki da\u011f ormanlar\u0131nda veya da\u011f eteklerinde saklanmak gibi bir olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktu.B\u00f6ylece, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal otoritelerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn politik ve askeri \u00e7abalar\u0131na ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Zviad Gamsakhurdia\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen G\u00fcrc\u00fc halk\u0131n\u0131n
\n(Megrellerin) Abhazya\u2019da u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 etnik temizlik ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m, Kremlin\u2019in ve Kremlin\u2019in Tiflis\u2019teki kuklalar\u0131n\u0131n planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019n\u0131n emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7leri insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 katlederek 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lanlar\u0131 bile geride b\u0131rakt\u0131. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n otokton ulusal az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir oranda yok edildi ve kendi anayurdundan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu cinayet, Stalinizm’in \u00c7e\u00e7enlere, \u0130ngu\u015flara ve di\u011fer Kafkasya uluslar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fi cinayetleri ac\u0131mas\u0131zl\u0131kta ge\u00e7ti. Vandalizm e\u011filimli bu hareketlerin D\u00fcnya Kamuoyu ve politik \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinmesi \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131n\u0131n Ruslar\u00a0 taraf\u0131ndan soyk\u0131r\u0131ma u\u011frat\u0131lmas\u0131
\ni\u00e7in uygun bir zemin yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00f6nemli bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n

Da\u011fl\u0131k Samurzakano Savunmas\u0131
\n<\/b>
\n\u015eiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Abhaz ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar, KDHK \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 paral\u0131 askerler ve Rus paral\u0131 askerler, \u00e7o\u011funlukla Svanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Da\u011fl\u0131k\u00a0 Samurzakano\u2019nun di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerini ve Kodori Nehri\u2019nin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek, dar ve derin koyaklar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeyi ba\u015faramad\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcrc\u00fc askeri kuvvetlerinin geri \u00e7ekilmesi sonras\u0131 bu kuvvetlerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgede topland\u0131. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinden gelen ve sava\u015fma kapasitesine sahip olan baz\u0131 birlikler de ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede kald\u0131lar. Derin ve dar koyaklarda bulunan t\u00fcneller ve k\u00f6pr\u00fcler havaya u\u00e7uruldu. Kas\u0131m ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren kar ya\u011fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Da\u011fl\u0131k Samurzakano\u2019yu\u00a0 ele ge\u00e7irilmesi imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir kaleye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgenin aylarca s\u00fcren sald\u0131r\u0131 ve Rus \u201cGrad\u201d – \u201cUragan\u201d f\u00fczelerinin yo\u011fun bombard\u0131man\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fine, dondurucu so\u011fu\u011fa ve a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa ra\u011fmen Da\u011fl\u0131k Samurzakano b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara direndi.<\/p>\n

Megrelyada M\u00fclteci Sorunu
\n<\/b>
\n\u015eevardnadze rejimi, Megrelya\u2019y\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ba\u015faramad\u0131. Bu nedenle b\u00f6lgeyi cezaland\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik tedbirler ald\u0131. Megrelya\u2019ya 1991 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7ok sert sosyal ve ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uyguland\u0131. B\u00f6lge, tamamen ekonomik ve bilgisel abluka alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Abluka, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n yasal otoritelerinin restorasyonu sonras\u0131 daha da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir hale getirildi. Megrelya, 1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yaz mevsimi boyunca bu\u011fday, un ve di\u011fer besin t\u00fcrlerinden, ila\u00e7, benzin, para gibi materyallerden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 (Y\u0131lda %10 bin ila %20 bin gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc enflasyon oranlar\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda). B\u00f6lgedeki durum ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok zordu.<\/p>\n

Abhazya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndaki yenilgiden sonra Megrelya\u2019daki ekonomik ve sosyal ko\u015fullar daha da k\u00f6t\u00fc hale geldi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 220 bin m\u00fclteci muhtelif g\u00fcnlerde b\u00f6lgeye gelirken, Megrelya\u2019n\u0131n mukim n\u00fcfusu yakla\u015f\u0131k 450 bin idi. Ekim ortalar\u0131nda ise Zugdidi\u2019deki ve\u00a0 Tsalendjikha\u2019deki m\u00fclteci
\nn\u00fcfusu hemen hemen mukim n\u00fcfusla ayn\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

Yasal otoriteler ve Megrelya\u2019n\u0131n mukim n\u00fcfusu, m\u00fcltecilere bar\u0131nak ve besin sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in radikal ve sonu\u00e7 verici \u00f6nlemler ald\u0131lar. M\u00fcltecilerin bir tanesi bile\u00a0 bar\u0131naks\u0131z de\u011fildi. Zugdidi B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki Megrel aileler, aile ba\u015f\u0131na 20 ki\u015fiye bar\u0131nak sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Yasal g\u00fc\u00e7lerin b\u00f6lgede yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 sonucu Megrelya\u2019n\u0131n k\u00f6yleri ve kasabalar\u0131 s\u0131cak su ve elektrik temininde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekmedi. Sa\u011fl\u0131k koruma sistemi, okullar, demiryolu, posta, telgraf ve b\u00f6lgesel televizyon d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bu durum D\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde de nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir deneyim idi. B\u00f6lge, hi\u00e7bir yard\u0131m g\u00f6rmeden mukim n\u00fcfusunun % 25\u2019 i kadar m\u00fclteci ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze rejimi, Megrelya\u2019daki m\u00fclteci varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 utanmadan gizlemi\u015ftir. Etkin medya organlar\u0131 sanki Megrelya\u2019da tek bir tane bile m\u00fclteci yokmu\u015f gibi\u00a0 g\u00f6stererek b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fclteci say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fazlal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgenin abluka alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131, Megrelya\u2019n\u0131n sosyo-ekonomik durumunu kritik hale getirdi. Halk a\u00e7l\u0131k \u00e7ekiyordu ve baz\u0131 yerlerde salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yasal otoriteler defalarca D\u00fcnya Kamuoyuna ba\u015fvurdu ve yard\u0131m i\u00e7in taahh\u00fct ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Uluslar aras\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l Ha\u00e7, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc uzmanlar\u0131 ve temsilcileri Megrelya\u2019daki durum konusunda bilgilendirildi. Yine de yeterli yard\u0131m temin edilemedi.<\/p>\n

Yasal otoriteler, bahsi ge\u00e7en bu a\u011f\u0131r ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda ablukay\u0131 yarmak ve yak\u0131n yollar ile demiryolu kav\u015faklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kontrol\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in acil \u00f6nlemler almak zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Samtredia demiryolu kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve Poti Liman\u0131 sava\u015fmadan kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6nemli miktarda g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve benzin bu kasabalarda muhafaza edildi. Poti\u2019nin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den un, bu\u011fday ve benzin sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in giri\u015fimde bulunuldu.<\/p>\n

Al\u0131nan bu \u00f6nlemler, binlerce m\u00fcltecinin ve Megrelya halk\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmesini \u00f6nledi ve hastal\u0131klardan korunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bir ki\u015fi bile a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmedi. Un ve \u015fekerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halka \u00fccretsiz olarak da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir fiyattan sat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kremlin ve \u015eevardnadze yanl\u0131s\u0131 etkin medya organlar\u0131, Zviadistlerin Poti Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ve Batum-Tiflis Demiryolu\u2019nu abluka alt\u0131na alarak Ermenistan\u2019da a\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa neden olduklar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde propagandaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Yasal otoriteler Ermenistan Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Poti\u2019ye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ermenistan mallar\u0131n\u0131n nakliyesine destek ama\u00e7l\u0131 karma komisyon olu\u015fturuldu. \u0130zleyen g\u00fcnlerde bu mallar (\u015eevardnadze taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilerek) Kutaisi\u2019ye g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n

Fakat Moskova, Rus (Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da mevcut), Ukrayna ve Ermenistan ordular\u0131n\u0131 (Azerbaycan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti reddetmi\u015ftir.) uluslararas\u0131 ileti\u015fim hatlar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 savunmak i\u00e7in, Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a uluslararas\u0131 m\u00fcdahalede bulunmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Megrelya’n\u0131n i\u015fgali Abhazya\u2019daki (\u00f6nceden planlanm\u0131\u015f olan) yenilginin ard\u0131ndan \u015eevardnadze rejimi G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da mevcut itibar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Ordu ise sava\u015fma\u00a0 kapasitesini kaybederek demoralize oldu.
\nAbhazya\u2019dan gelen ve umudunu kaybetmi\u015f on binlerce m\u00fclteci, kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ihanet eden su\u00e7lu \u015eevardnadze rejimini devirmeyi, G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin haklar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 restorasyonu ve m\u00fcltecilerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlere geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc konular\u0131nda Abhazya taraf\u0131 ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti. Megrelya halk\u0131 bu talebi destekledi.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015fma kapasitesine sahip m\u00fclteci birlikleri de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yasal otoritelere sadakatle ba\u011fl\u0131 silahl\u0131 birlikler do\u011fuya do\u011fru hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Tarihi eyaletler mereti ve Gurya sava\u015fmadan ve kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmeden kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. Halk, birlikleri\u00a0 kurtar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131.
\nTiflis\u2019e kadar \u00f6nemli miktarda \u015eevardnadze taraftar\u0131 birlik yoktu.
\nYasal otoritelere ba\u011fl\u0131 silahl\u0131 birlikler Kutaisi\u2019ye (Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nemli kenti) vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u015eevardnadze Rus askeri yard\u0131m\u0131 talep etti. (Bu durum ABD\u00a0 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan da\u00a0 desteklendi) Boris Yeltsin yard\u0131m etmeyi memnuniyetle kabul etti.\u00a0 (Yeltsin, o s\u0131ralarda Parlamentoyu zaten da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve pratikte bir diktat\u00f6r idi.)<\/p>\n

Rusya, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7i\u015flerine a\u00e7\u0131k ve etkin bir \u015fekilde kar\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kremlin, binlerce G\u00fcrc\u00fcn\u00fcn Abhazya\u2019da katledildi\u011fi s\u0131rada so\u011fukkanl\u0131 bir g\u00f6zlemci idi. Fakat Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 \u015eevardnadze rejimi tehdit alt\u0131na girdi\u011finde, duruma hemen\u00a0 m\u00fcdahale ederek bu tehdide engel oldu.<\/p>\n

Kutaisi\u2019deki ve Batumi\u2019deki Rus askeri \u00fcslerinde mevcut z\u0131rhl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcmenler (30\u2019dan fazla tank), cephe hatt\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 boyunca konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Rus deniz kuvvetleri Poti Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131 abluka alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Amiral Baltin komutas\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Rus \u00e7\u0131karma kuvveti Sevastapol\u2019den
\nPoti Liman\u0131\u2019na \u00e7ekildi. Rus askeri sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n sebepleri \u015funlard\u0131;<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 Yasal otoriteleri yok etmek,
\n\u2022\u00a0 Megrelya halk\u0131n\u0131n soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak.<\/p>\n

Rus birlikleri, yasal otoritelere ba\u011fl\u0131 birliklerin cephe hatt\u0131n\u0131 bombalamakla kalmad\u0131. Sivil insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerleri de bombalad\u0131. \u201cGrad\u201d f\u00fczeleri ile\u00a0 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Senaki bombard\u0131man\u0131 sonucunda yakla\u015f\u0131k 120 ev yok edildi ve y\u00fczlerce sivil insan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc veya yaraland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rus \u00f6zel birlikleri, askeri sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yasal otorite yanda\u015f\u0131 olan aktif politik destek\u00e7ilerin de izini s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve bunlara y\u00f6nelik jandarma bask\u0131nlar\u0131\u00a0 d\u00fczenledi.<\/p>\n

Megrelya halk\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclteciler de d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere yok edilmesi tehlikesi ve D\u00fcnya Kamuoyunun G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da meydana gelen olaylara b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle kay\u0131ts\u0131z\u00a0 kalmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yasal otoriteler ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Zviad Gamsakhurdia askeri direni\u015fi\u00a0 durdurmaya karar verdi.<\/p>\n

Su\u00e7 i\u015flemek \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f \u015eevardnadze rejiminin Rus tanklar\u0131\u00a0 korumas\u0131ndaki kontrol d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcleri, sivilleri soymak ve onlara i\u015fkence etmek i\u00e7in\u00a0 Megrelya\u2019ya sald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda G\u00fcrcistan TV, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1200 Zviadistin Rus birlikleri yard\u0131m\u0131 ile tutukland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gururla duyurdu.<\/p>\n

Megrelya\u2019da, yasal otorite destek\u00e7ilerine kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan sert bask\u0131 hala s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Abhazya\u2019dan gelmi\u015f m\u00fclteciler i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilen insani yard\u0131mlar,\u00a0 \u015eevardnadze\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ve mafya aras\u0131nda payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nMegrelya\u2019da mesk\u00fbn 80 binden fazla insan, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerden\u00a0 ayr\u0131lmaya ve G\u00fcrcistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacak bir yer bulmaya zorlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Megrelya, elektrikten ve\u00a0 nakliyattan aylarca yoksun kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAbhazya\u2019dan gelen m\u00fclteciler, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde ve \u00e7ok k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015eevardnadze rejimi, Megrelya\u2019n\u0131n yerli insanlar\u0131 ile m\u00fclteciler aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Keza, ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hareketler te\u015fvik edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Samurzakanoda Etnik Temizlik ve Soyk\u0131r\u0131m
\n<\/b>
\nSamurzakano da\u011flar\u0131nda kendilerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacak ve bar\u0131nacak yerler bulmay\u0131 ba\u015faran Svanlar ve Abhazya m\u00fcltecileri, Kremlin yanl\u0131s\u0131 Abhaz ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lardan ve Rus paral\u0131 askerlerden yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.
\nSvanlar, 1993 ve 1994 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n sert k\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131na dayand\u0131lar ve 1994 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilkbahar ve yaz mevsimlerinde ila\u00e7 ve besin yard\u0131m\u0131 olmadan g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs gerdiler.<\/p>\n

Da\u011fl\u0131k Samurzakano\u2019da mevcut k\u00f6ylere ve yerle\u015fim yerlerine, 1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131m ay\u0131ndan 1994 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fustos ay\u0131na kadar her g\u00fcn f\u00fcze bombard\u0131man\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Da\u011fl\u0131k Samurzakano\u2019da Rus Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00fc\u00e7leri (Abhazya\u2019daki Rus Bar\u0131\u015f G\u00fc\u00e7leri) taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen etnik temizlik, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonbahar mevsiminde tamamland\u0131. Da\u011fl\u0131k Samurzakano binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ilk defa kendi otokton halk\u0131ndan (Svanlardan) yoksun\u00a0 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zet
\n<\/b>
\nDa\u011fl\u0131k Samurzakano\u2019da tamamlanan etnik temizlik, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda ve Samurzakano\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen etnik temizli\u011fin son basama\u011f\u0131 idi. Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r ilk defa Enguri Nehri\u2019nin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfus (Ad\u0131 Enguri Nehri\u2019nden gelen Megreller) bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Planl\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n bir sonucu olarak Megreller, n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k % 7\u2019sini, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerin % 40\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kaybettiler. Svanlar ise n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k % 5\u2019ini, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerin % 25\u2019ini kaybettiler.<\/p>\n

Demokratik D\u00fcnya Kamuoyu, nsan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, politik \u00e7evreler ve etkin medya organlar\u0131, Abhazya\u2019da, Kremlin ve Kremlin taraftar\u0131 \u015eevardnadze rejimi taraf\u0131ndan G\u00fcrc\u00fc n\u00fcfusuna y\u00f6nelik ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde analiz\u00a0 edemedi. Bu ger\u00e7ek, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n
\n\u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da soyk\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131n\u0131 daha da kolay hale getirdi ve bir bak\u0131ma Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u015fovenist (\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131) ve totaliter politikalara yeniden d\u00f6nmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Megrelya’da Yeni Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Tehlikesi
\n<\/b>
\nKremlin ve \u015eevardnadze\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu Kremlin taraftar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler, Megrel halk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n bir sonraki basama\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131 par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rmay\u0131 planl\u0131yor. Bu, G\u00fcrc\u00fc Ulusu\u2019nun yok edilmesine y\u00f6nelik plan\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Enguri Nehri boyunca sistematik olarak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar provoke ediliyor. M\u00fcltecilerin Abhazya\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc geciktiriliyor. \u015eevardnadze, hayal \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan\u00a0 \u201cAbhazya\u2019dan Dudayev\u2019e askeri yard\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131yor\u201d tezini \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019daki sava\u015fla ili\u015fkilendirerek, bu tez \u00fczerine propaganda yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Megrelya\u2019da, yeni bir askeri \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n nihai hedefi Megrellerin ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ak\u0131mlar olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Bu\u00a0 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara, G\u00fcrcistan d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelebilecek gruplar da d\u00e2hil olabilir.<\/p>\n

Svaneti halk\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara kesinlikle kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Tarihin bu d\u00f6nemi G\u00fcrcistan i\u00e7in \u00e7ok zor ge\u00e7mektedir. Bat\u0131 ve do\u011fu\u00a0 aras\u0131ndaki bu d\u00fczensiz yay\u0131lma hatt\u0131 (ve kirli entrikalar) G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na ise ald\u0131r\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/span>1) \u00c7evirenin Notu:<\/b> Bu yaz\u0131, 1994 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda ve 1995 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015eubat ay\u0131nda Litvanya\u2019n\u0131n Vilnius \u015fehrinde, 1996 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda Finlandiya\u2019n\u0131n Helsinki \u015fehrinde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n, yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.
\n2) \u00c7evirenin Notu:<\/b> \u201cPerestroyka\u201d, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u201cYeniden Yap\u0131lanma\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Rus\u00e7a bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckt\u00fcr. Gorba\u00e7ov, 27 Ocak 1987 tarihindeki SSCB Kom\u00fcnist Partisi Merkez Komitesi toplant\u0131s\u0131nda sundu\u011fu bir raporla y\u00f6netimi ele\u015ftirdi. Geli\u015fme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n
\nd\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, sorunlar\u0131n birikti\u011fini, y\u00f6netimde t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar oldu\u011funu, bu durumun ekonomiyi, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel ya\u015fam\u0131 etkiledi\u011fini belirtti. Bu t\u0131kan\u0131klar\u0131n ancak \u201cPerestroyka\u201d politikas\u0131 ile a\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini savundu. (Kaynak: B\u00fcy\u00fck Larousse)
\n3) \u00c7evirenin Notu:<\/b> \u201cDemokratizatsiya\u201d, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u201cDemokratikle\u015fme\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen Rus\u00e7a bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckt\u00fcr.
\n4) \u00c7evirenin Notu:<\/b> \u201cNomenclatura\u201d T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u2018Adlar Listesi\u2019 demek olan Rus\u00e7a bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckt\u00fcr. Nomenclatura\u2019da yer alan ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filer toplumdan iyice kopmu\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131 bir katman olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131. Brejnev d\u00f6neminde alabildi\u011fine beslenmi\u015flerdi. (Kaynak: Anat\u00fczeye Giri\u015f-Prof. Dr. Cem ERO\u011eUL)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bessarion Gugusvili Çeviren: Yasin Öncü (Msxaladze) Giriş (1) Kremlin’in 1990-1994 yılları arasında, otokton bero-Kafkasyalı etnik gruplara yönelik aşırı milliyetçi, ırkçı ve soykırıma yönelik politikaları, demokratik dünya ve insan hakları örgütleri tarafından bilinmemektedir. Rusya’nın etkin ve aşırı milliyetçi medyasının “Katil Kafkasyalılar” diye aşağılayarak isimlendirdiği herhangi bir Kafkasya dili veya lehçesi konuşan Kafkasya uluslarının durumuna bazı batılı 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