{"id":9225,"date":"2019-03-12T16:39:16","date_gmt":"2019-03-12T16:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=9225"},"modified":"2019-03-12T16:39:16","modified_gmt":"2019-03-12T16:39:16","slug":"kuzeyden-kafkasyaya-bakmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/kuzeyden-kafkasyaya-bakmak\/","title":{"rendered":"KUZEY\u2019DEN KAFKASYA\u2019YA BAKMAK"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Rag\u0131p Zarakolu<\/strong>
\n<\/span>\u00d6zg\u00fcr G\u00fcndem, 20 Eyl\u00fcl 2003<\/p>\n

Bir aksilik olmazsa, bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 okudu\u011funuzda, Norve\u00e7’in Stavanger kentinde Norve\u00e7 PEN’inin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi Kafkasya Konferans\u0131’nda konu\u015fuyor olaca\u011f\u0131m. Toplant\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7: \u201cKafkasya: Unutulmu\u015f Vah\u015fi Do\u011fu mu, Yoksa Avrupa ile Asya Aras\u0131nda Uygarl\u0131k K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc m\u00fc?\u201d<\/p>\n

Benim konu\u015fmam\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTarihi Anlaml\u0131 K\u0131lmak, Hat\u0131rlamak m\u0131, Unutmak m\u0131?\u201d Ayr\u0131ca \u201cKafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Gelece\u011fi: Yazar ve Sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n Rol\u00fc ve G\u00f6revleri\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir panelde de konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Di\u011fer ilgin\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda, \u201cKafkasya: Toprak, Tarih ve Edebiyat\u201d ; \u201c\u00c7e\u00e7enya: Rus Erkinin Mezar Ta\u015f\u0131 m\u0131?\u201d ; Frans\u0131z yazar\u0131 Andre Gluksmann, \u201cDostoyevski Manhattan \u00dczerine: Ter\u00f6rist, Nihilist ve Entelekt\u00fcel\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 bir sunum yapacak. Ayr\u0131ca, \u201cRus mu \u00c7e\u00e7en mi? Kim Ter\u00f6rist\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 bir tart\u0131\u015fma a\u00e7acak. \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019dan sinemac\u0131 \u0130slam Elsanov, \u201cIss\u0131zl\u0131k \u0130\u00e7inde\u201d filmini sunarken, Atom Egoyan\u2019\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201cArarat\u201d filmi de g\u00f6sterilecek. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc muhalif yazarlar\u0131ndan Anna Politkovskaya, \u201cRusya\u2019da konu\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d tart\u0131\u015facak. Yine Rus yazar\u0131, Aleksandr Tkachenko, \u201cKafkasya i\u00e7in Yeni Bir Yol Haritas\u0131na \u0130htiya\u00e7 Var m\u0131?\u201d konusunu tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7acak ve Anna Politkovska ile Asne Seierstad, Grozni ile Ba\u011fdat kentinin kaderini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bir sunum yapacak.<\/p>\n

Stavanger, Norve\u00e7\u2019in d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck kenti, ama n\u00fcfusu sadece 200 bin. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n petrol ba\u015fkenti olarak nitelenmesinin yan\u0131nda, kent olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemle de biliniyor. Kentte bir Ifade \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Merkezi var. Yemen\u2019den, \u0130ran\u2019dan, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019dan ve Karatay-\u00c7erkesya\u2019dan, s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki yazarlara olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Kentin, geleneksel bir festivali var, her y\u0131l bir belli konuya a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k veriliyor. Bu y\u0131lki festivalin ana temas\u0131 ise, \u201ckimlik\u201d gibi bizi de yak\u0131ndan ilgilendiren bir konu.<\/p>\n

Kafkasya, ayn\u0131 Ortado\u011fu gibi, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llar\u0131, d\u00fcnya dengeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan me\u015fgul edece\u011fi kesin olan bir b\u00f6lge. Ama \u00e7ok yo\u011fun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, g\u00f6zden ve g\u00f6n\u00fclden \u0131rak olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Bug\u00fcn \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti bir hayalet \u015fehir konumunda. Bu bir sava\u015f de\u011fil, vah\u015fetti.<\/p>\n

Rusya, \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden, bir d\u00fcnya g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. ABD ile Rusya aras\u0131nda y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma var Kafkasya \u00fczerinde.<\/p>\n

Elbette b\u00f6lge AB\u2019nin ilgisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fin Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hegemonyas\u0131, b\u00f6lge \u00fczerinde yeniden kurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00fcy\u00fck Rus milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ile, bir Babil kulesi olan Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n mikro milliyet\u00e7ilikleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma yan\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 ittifaklar da ya\u015fan\u0131yor, \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u0131m\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 dostumdur\u201d ilkesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde. G\u00fcrcistan, ABD\u2019nin do\u011frudan etkisi alt\u0131nda. Burada Ruslar Abhazlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 destekliyor, ama kendi etki alan\u0131ndaki \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131 yerle bir etmekten de ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131yor. Buradaki kirli sava\u015f\u0131 da, \u201cter\u00f6rizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele\u201d etiketi alt\u0131nda me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak her yerden petrol\u00fcn kokusu y\u00fckseliyor. Ermenistan, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ediyor, ama Azeri petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Rusya\u2019y\u0131 emin bir liman olarak buluyor. Bug\u00fcn Ermeni\/T\u00fcrk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Rus \u00f6zel kuvvetlerine emanet edilmi\u015f vaziyette. B\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7ler aras\u0131ndaki egemenlik rekabetinin bedelini ise, b\u00f6lge halklar\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrkiye, Azeri \u201csoyda\u015flar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 k\u00fcst\u00fcrmemek i\u00e7in, Ermeni s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kapal\u0131 tutuyor, ama as\u0131l neden, Amerika\u2019n\u0131n Azeri petrol\u00fc \u00fczerinde kurdu\u011fu denetimin bunu gerekli k\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ad\u0131na NATO\u2019ya a\u00e7an G\u00fcrcistan ise, daha fazla istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015f vaziyette. Bat\u0131 destekli G\u00fcrc\u00fc milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi bir yandan Abhazlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015flarken, \u00fclkenin ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck halk grubu olan Ermenileri de siyasal sistemden tecrit ediyor. Ve \u00fclkede daha bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etnik grup aras\u0131nda sorunlar ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6l y\u00f6net ilkesi gere\u011fi, Rus egemenli\u011fi, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeye b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f vaziyette.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgede bir Suudiler eksikti, onlar da, din kanal\u0131 ile b\u00f6lgede etkinlik kazanma pe\u015finde.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Kafkas k\u00f6kenli \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan ya\u015f\u0131yor. Abhazlar, \u00c7e\u00e7enler, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, \u00c7erkes \/ Adigeler, Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar vb. Bunlar da Kafkasya\u2019daki geli\u015fmeleri yak\u0131ndan izliyorlar.<\/p>\n

Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Kafkasya\u2019ya yay\u0131lmas\u0131, hayli zorlu, trajik bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ti. 1500\u2019lerden itibaren b\u00f6lgeye Osmanl\u0131 egemen olmu\u015f, \u0130slam dininin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6lge insan\u0131 yeni edindi\u011fi bu inanca \u00e7ok ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Rus yay\u0131lmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015f de, ister istemez dini motifler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 1855\/56\u2019da Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ile ittifak halinde Rusya ile sava\u015f\u0131rken, Kafkas halklar\u0131ndan ayaklanarak ikinci cephe a\u00e7malar\u0131 istendi. Bu isyan bat\u0131daki Rus kuvvetlerinin g\u00f6rece zay\u0131f kalmas\u0131na neden olacak, ard\u0131ndan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yenilgisi gelecekti. Ve Osmanl\u0131 da, Avrupa devletleri ligine kabul edilecekti.<\/p>\n

Ama bunun faturas\u0131 Kafkas halklar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131. Onlar\u0131n isyan\u0131 amans\u0131zca bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, k\u0131y\u0131mlar ve k\u00f6y yakmalar e\u015fli\u011finde. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7erkes g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ba\u015flad\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na do\u011fru. \u00c7erkes soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda 1 milyon dolay\u0131nda insan\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi belirtilir. Gemilere t\u0131ka basa doldurulan insanlar Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Onlar da, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n merkezi olarak kutsad\u0131klar\u0131 Halifenin \u00fclkesine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmay\u0131, bir kurtulu\u015f olarak kabul ettiler.<\/p>\n

Ama iklimine al\u0131\u015f\u0131k olmad\u0131klar\u0131 bu topraklarda, bu da\u011fl\u0131 halklar\u0131 s\u0131tma ba\u015fta salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar bekliyordu. Osmanl\u0131 bu sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 halklar\u0131 tek bir y\u00f6reye yerle\u015ftirmekten \u00e7ekindi\u011fi i\u00e7in Anadolu\u2019nun her yan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131. \u00c7erkesler de Anadolu\u2019nun renkleri aras\u0131ndaki yerlerini ald\u0131lar, \u00e7okrenkli k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ile.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve K\u00fcrt sorununun y\u00fckseli\u015fi ile birlikte, \u00c7erkesler, Abhazlar ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcler aras\u0131nda da, \u201canavatan\u201da , kendi \u00f6z kimliklerine olan ilgi artt\u0131. Hatta anavatana \u201cgeri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d e\u011filimleri bile y\u00fckseldi. \u00c7oktan unutulmu\u015f, belleklere g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Ermeni trajedisi hat\u0131rland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yani Kafkasya\u2019ya hem kom\u015fuyuz, hem de Kafkasya bizzat i\u00e7imizde, t\u0131pk\u0131 Ortado\u011fu ve Balkanlar gibi. Ve bizim sanki uzayda kay\u0131p bir gezegenden fark\u0131m\u0131z yok. Uzun y\u0131llar ABD\u2019nin bilmem ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 olarak kalm\u0131\u015f\u0131z b\u00f6lgede ve \u015fimdi b\u00f6lge bize her cepheden hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor kendini.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ragıp Zarakolu Özgür Gündem, 20 Eylül 2003 Bir aksilik olmazsa, bu satırları okuduğunuzda, Norveç’in Stavanger kentinde Norveç PEN’inin düzenlediği Kafkasya Konferansı’nda konuşuyor olacağım. Toplantının başlığı oldukça ilginç: “Kafkasya: Unutulmuş Vahşi Doğu mu, Yoksa Avrupa ile Asya Arasında Uygarlık Köprüsü mü?” Benim konuşmamın başlığı “Tarihi Anlamlı Kılmak, Hatırlamak mı, Unutmak mı?” Ayrıca “Kafkasya’nın Geleceği: Yazar ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9225"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9227,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9225\/revisions\/9227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}