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ELBED Hasan M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olan \u00c7erkes sultanlar\u0131 d\u00f6nemi hakk\u0131nda ne yaz\u0131k ki Adige tarihinde pek bir bilgiye kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lm\u0131yor. Bu konuda elimizde bulunan en \u00f6nemli bilgi TSA\u011eO Nuri taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n sonunda yer alan k\u0131sa de\u011finmeleridir. Bu konuya Ortado\u011fu tarihinde ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n tarihi \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kitaplarda \u00e7ok ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktay\u0131z. Ancak bu konu M\u0131s\u0131r Tarihi ad\u0131 ile ele al\u0131n\u0131p, bizi ilgilendiren y\u00f6n\u00fc ile pek fazla irdelenmemektedir.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 yazarlardan S\u00f6r William\u2019da (The Mameluke Of Slave Dynaste Of Egypt-London 1896) yap\u0131t\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki \u00c7erkes sultanlar\u0131ndan uzun uzun s\u00f6zeder.<\/p>\n Met \u00c7UNATIKO \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u201cKafkasya Tarihi\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eviren ve Kahire\u2019nin en bilinen adlar\u0131ndan olan XAHUSTIKO Abd\u00fclhamit, bu \u00e7evirisinde yer alan kendi ek yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBen \u00fcmit ediyorum ki M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u00a0 kavimlerinde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck yararl\u0131klar g\u00f6stermi\u015f, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek kademelerde bulunmu\u015f \u00c7erkeslerin hepsini i\u00e7erisine alan ve bu g\u00fcn bile hala varolan yap\u0131tlar\u0131yla bu insanlar\u0131 hakk\u0131yla ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p inceleyerek ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapacak tarih\u00e7iler bir g\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. \u201dElbette M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00c7erkes sultanlar\u0131 d\u00f6nemi ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7erkes tarihinin de bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Mutlaka bu d\u00f6nem gere\u011fi gibi ele al\u0131n\u0131p ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde incelenerek \u00c7erkes tarihindeki yerini almal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki \u00c7erkesler ve onlar\u0131n d\u00f6nemleri tarihte Memluk (\u00c7erkes Memluklar, Burcu Memluklar) ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca yine Memluk ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda T\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrkmenlerin egemenlik s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nem de vard\u0131r ve Arap\u00e7a\u2019da hizmetli, \u00f6zg\u00fcr olmayan anlam\u0131na gelen bu s\u00f6zc\u00fck ger\u00e7ek anlam\u0131 ile o d\u00f6nemde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da \u00c7erkesler daha \u00e7ok asker ve koruma olarak getirildikleri i\u00e7in bu tan\u0131m \u00c7erkes Memluklar\u0131 i\u00e7in pek ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lamaz. Memluklar, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da y\u00f6netimi ele almadan \u00e7ok \u00f6nceleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelerde s\u00f6z etti\u011fimiz bi\u00e7imde (k\u00f6le ya da hizmetli) g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fler ve ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 bu \u015fekilde olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u0130lk olarak Abbasi halifesi Me-mun (813-833) d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir, daha sonra yine Abbasi halifesi Muhte\u015fim (833-843) T\u00fcrkmenlerden bir grubu \u00fclkesine getirerek daha \u00e7ok askeri i\u015flerde g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015ftir. Doktor Ali \u0130brahim Hasan \u201cT\u00fcrk Memluklar\u0131n Tarihine Dair Bilgiler\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Memluklar\u0131n \u00fclkeye getirilmesinin ve g\u00f6revlendirilmesinin Tulunilerden ba\u015flay\u0131p Fat\u0131milere dek uzanan olduk\u00e7a uzun bir d\u00f6nemi kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n Memluklar\u0131n Ortado\u011fu\u2019da ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 Tuluniler Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015fu d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131larda k\u00f6le ve \u00fccretli g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fclkeye getirili\u015fi ile ba\u015flar.Yeni krall\u0131k ordusunu T\u00fcrk ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki halklar ile Berberilerden olu\u015fturur. Daha sonralar\u0131 ise Fat\u0131miler ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle ordular\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcp egemenlik alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r topraklar\u0131 Fat\u0131milerden sonra K\u00fcrt k\u00f6kenli Selahaddin Eyyubi\u2019nin y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve Eyyubi Devleti kurulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7erkesleri \u0130lk Olarak M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a Getiren; T\u00fcrk, T\u00fcrkmen ve Berberilere G\u00fcvenemeyen Eyyubilerdir. \u201cEl Mazerat\u00fcl el \u0130slama el Asar\u00fcl el Arabia\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n 4. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bu konu i\u00e7in \u015f\u00f6yle der: Eyyubiler k\u00f6ken olarak Tiflis yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ve Kafkasya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131na g\u00f6re ve \u00fcst d\u00fczey komutanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Abaza k\u00f6kenli ki\u015filer oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a geli\u015finin bu d\u00f6neme denk gelmesi rastlant\u0131 de\u011fildir. Daha sonralar\u0131 Eyyubi Devleti\u2019de y\u0131k\u0131larak Memluk Devleti kurulmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrk sultanlar\u0131 d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Eyyubiler d\u00f6neminde ba\u015flayan Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a geli\u015fi daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde de devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkesler, Memluk ad\u0131 ile an\u0131l\u0131yor olsalar da ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kendili\u011finden, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc esir edilerek ya da k\u00f6le olarak getirilmi\u015f olsalar da hi\u00e7 bir zaman s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bulunmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve g\u00f6z\u00fc pek \u00f6zellikleri nedeni ile daha \u00e7ok askeri g\u00f6revlerde bulunmu\u015flar \u00fcst d\u00fczey g\u00f6revlere y\u00fckselmi\u015flerdir. Ayr\u0131ca o d\u00f6nem M\u0131s\u0131r ile Ortado\u011fu\u2019daki varl\u0131k ve zenginlik nedeni ile gerek T\u00fcrkmenlerden ve \u00c7erkeslerden gerekse di\u011fer halklardan pek \u00e7ok insan da g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kendili\u011finden gelmi\u015ftir. Biz burada T\u00fcrk Memluklar d\u00f6nemine de\u011finmeyece\u011fiz .<\/p>\n T\u00fcrklerde sultanl\u0131k babadan o\u011fla ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in en son tahta ge\u00e7en sultan, Kalavun ailesinden Sultan Sabah\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu hac\u0131d\u0131r. Se\u00e7ildi\u011fi zaman daha 11 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan bu sultan\u0131n Atabek\u2019i (vekil ve vezir) olarak Burcukale \u00c7erkeslerinden Berkuk se\u00e7ildi. Y\u00f6netim bu bi\u00e7imde 1,5 y\u0131l devam ettikten sonra \u00fclkede durumun k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmesi ve baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket etmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine ileri gelenler, halife ve emirlerin iste\u011fi ile, sultan\u0131 tahttan indirilip yerine Berokue o\u011flu Seyfuddin Berkuk\u2019u sultan olarak se\u00e7ti. B\u00f6ylece sultanl\u0131k T\u00fcrk Memluklarda sona ermi\u015f y\u00f6netim \u00c7erkes Memluklara ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkesler de sultanl\u0131k hi\u00e7 bir zaman babadan o\u011fla ge\u00e7memi\u015f, y\u00f6netim sava\u015flarda g\u00f6sterilen ba\u015far\u0131 ve toplumda g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri sayg\u0131 ile bu g\u00f6reve\u00a0 de\u011fer olana ge\u00e7mek bi\u00e7iminde el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00c7erkes sultanlar\u0131 d\u00f6nemi 1390-1517 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemde tahta \u00e7\u0131kan sultanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 23 ki\u015fi olarak ge\u00e7mektedir ve bu d\u00f6nemden Memluk y\u00f6netiminin en parlak d\u00f6nemi olarak s\u00f6z edilmektedir. \u00d6mer \u0130skender\u2019in \u201cM\u0131s\u0131r Tarihi\u201d kitab\u0131nda belirtti\u011fine g\u00f6re M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bu g\u00fcn bile bu d\u00f6nemden kalma izler, camiler, yollar, okullar ve kervansaraylar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkeslerden y\u00f6netime gelen ilk sultan Seyfuddin Berkuk d\u00f6neminde Kahire\u2019de yap\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck medrese bu g\u00fcn hala okul olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Onun d\u00f6neminde \u00fclkedeki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar bast\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00fczen yeniden sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Temerlan (Timur) ordusunun Suriye ve M\u0131s\u0131r \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc durdurmu\u015f ve ordular\u0131 bozguna u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sultan, \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde esir ya da k\u00f6le olarak T\u00fcrk \u00fclkelerine ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkelere g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00c7erkesleri geri getirtmek ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130leri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc sultan diye an\u0131lan sultan Berkuk ile ba\u015flayan \u00c7erkes Memluklar d\u00f6nemi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u0131ralama ile devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 1) Sultan Seyfuddin Berkuk\u00a0\u00a0 1390<\/p>\n 2) Berkuk\u2019un o\u011flu Sultan Ferej\u00a0\u00a0 1398<\/p>\n 3) El m\u00fc\u00e7tehid el halife bilal 1412<\/p>\n 4) \u015eeyh Mahmud\u00a0 1412<\/p>\n 5) Muayyed o\u011flu Sultan Ahmet 1221<\/p>\n 6) Ebul Feth tatar 1421<\/p>\n 7) Sultan Barasbiy 1422<\/p>\n 8) Barasbiy o\u011flu Seyfuddin 1422<\/p>\n 9) Barasbiy o\u011flu Yusuf 1438<\/p>\n 10) Naue \u00c7akmak 1438<\/p>\n 11) \u00c7akmak o\u011flu Osman 1453<\/p>\n 12) Sultan \u0130nal 1453<\/p>\n 13) \u0130nal o\u011flu Ahmet 1461<\/p>\n 14) Sultan ho\u015fkadem 1461<\/p>\n 15) Sultan Balabay 1467<\/p>\n 16) Temari\u011fe 1467<\/p>\n 17) E\u015fref Kaytbay 1467<\/p>\n 18) Kaytbay o\u011flu Muhammet 1495<\/p>\n 19) Kan\u015faue E\u015fref 1498<\/p>\n 20) E\u015fref Janbulat 1499<\/p>\n 21) Kan\u015faue E\u015fref o\u011flu Tumanbay\u00a0 1500<\/p>\n 22) Kan\u015faue \u011eur\u00a0 1500<\/p>\n 23) Tumanbay 2. 1516 \u2013 17<\/p>\n Hasan Ali \u0130brahim,\u00a0 \u201cOrta\u00e7a\u011fda M\u0131s\u0131r\u201d Kitab\u0131ndan sayfa 231<\/p>\n Tarih\u00e7i \u0130bn-\u00fc \u0130yas\u00a0 d\u00f6rt ciltlik \u201cBedaiguzzuhur fi vekaid\u00fc-d duhur\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bu sultanlar\u0131n hepsinden k\u00f6kenlerini de belirterek tek tek s\u00f6z etmekte ve d\u00f6nemlerini geni\u015f bir bi\u00e7imde anlatmaktad\u0131r. Onun anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re bu sultanlardan Ho\u015fkadem ve Temari\u011fe adl\u0131 ikisi Rum k\u00f6kenli, di\u011ferleri hepsi \u00c7erkes ya da \u00c7erkes k\u00f6kenlidir diye s\u00f6zeder. Kaytbay i\u00e7in Abaza ve babas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 Balbay\u2019d\u0131r diye ayr\u0131nt\u0131yla s\u00f6zeden, Rum sultanlar\u0131n\u0131 Bizans k\u00f6kenleri ile anlatan bu tarih\u00e7i herhalde di\u011ferlerinin hepsi \u00c7erkes\u2019dir diyorsa bunu Adige olarak anlamak gerekir. Ancak bir ba\u015fka tez\u00a0 ise \u00c7erkes ad\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm Kafkas kavimlerini kapsar bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu tan\u0131mdan, daha \u00e7ok G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Ancak bu pek tutarl\u0131 de\u011fildir bence. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kafkas kavimlerinin hepsinin \u00c7erkes olarak adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem \u00e7ok eskiye (Kartvel\u2019den \u00f6nce) dayan\u0131r. Oysa bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz d\u00f6nem 1382 ile 1517 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha sonraki d\u00f6nemdir. Zaten o d\u00f6neme\u00a0 kadar Ortado\u011fu ve bat\u0131 tarih\u00e7ilerinin \u00c7erkes, \u00c7e\u00e7en, G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Da\u011f\u0131stan kavimlerini tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ay\u0131rt edemedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemekte pek mant\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Tarihlerde Memluklar\u0131n \u00c7erkes, Ermeni, G\u00fcrc\u00fc, T\u00fcrkmenlerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu, bu halklar\u0131n adlar\u0131 verilerek s\u00f6z ediliyor. Demek ki bu halklar o zaman biliniyormu\u015f. Sovyet ansiklopedilerinde de bu yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Memluk denildi\u011finde \u00f6nce G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin daha sonra T\u00fcrkmen ve \u00c7erkeslerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bunlar\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 9 bin ile 12 bin aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu bi\u00e7iminde yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiler verilmi\u015ftir. Oysa o d\u00f6nem yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrk ve T\u00fcrkmen Memluklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131\u00a0 400 bine ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yine bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz d\u00f6nemlerde Kafkasya\u2019da Adige halklar ile K\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n da k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar\u0131 ve \u00fcstelik bizzat askeri destekleri ile bir ka\u00e7 kez sava\u015flar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Esir edilen pek \u00e7ok \u00c7erkes, T\u00fcrk yurduna g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek k\u00f6le olarak sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki \u00c7erkes sultanlar\u0131 bu i\u015f i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirdikleri adamlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bu esirleri sat\u0131n al\u0131p M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a getirerek \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine kavu\u015fturmu\u015f, yeti\u015ftirip e\u011fittikleri bu insanlara orduda ve pek \u00e7ok kritik alanlarda g\u00f6revler vermi\u015flerdir. Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler bunu M\u0131s\u0131r sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6le ve hizmetkar sat\u0131n almalar\u0131 \u015feklinde yorumlasalar da \u00c7erkesler i\u00e7in durum bu anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibiydi.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemde gelen sultanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131ndan k\u0131saca s\u00f6z edecek olursak kitaplarda \u015fu bi\u00e7imde ge\u00e7er: Sultan Barasbi, 1426 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nil\u2019in \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131nda Bulak kentinde kurdu\u011fu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc donanma ve tersane ile K\u0131br\u0131s\u2019\u0131 kendine ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f Venedik kons\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn araya girmesi ve istenen tazminat\u0131 vermesi ile ancak bu seferden vazge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Onun d\u00f6neminde M\u0131s\u0131r topraklar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019ya F\u0131rat ve Irak s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na dek yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Sultan Kaytbay, 28 y\u0131l y\u00f6netimde kalm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6neminde \u00fclkenin imar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcniversiteler, yollar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, imarethaneler ve benzer pek \u00e7ok yap\u0131t b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kahire\u2019nin Bin Y\u0131l\u0131 adl\u0131 kitapta onunla ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: Onun d\u00f6nemi \u00fclkenin en huzurlu ve refah i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu, e\u011fitime en \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verildi\u011fi ad\u0131, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerde duyulacak\u00a0 kadar \u00f6nemli okullar\u0131n kuruldu\u011fu sanata ve sanat\u00e7\u0131ya en \u00e7ok de\u011fer verildi\u011fi d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n 1501 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00f6netimde olan KAN\u015eAUE \u011eur ayn\u0131 Kaytbay gibi bilime ve imara b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem veren sanat\u0131 \u00f6zelliklede m\u00fczi\u011fi ve m\u00fczisyenleri sevip g\u00f6zeten birisi olarak bilinir. Onun d\u00f6neminde M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ilk kez yel de\u011firmenleri kurulmu\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck parklar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, deniz bilimleri \u00fczerine ilk okullar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kimsesiz \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in yurtlar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, y\u00f6netim yeniden ve disiplin i\u00e7erisinde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131larak y\u00f6netim sa\u011flam bi\u00e7imde yeniden olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Yoksullara ve d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok sevecen olarak bilinen ve zaman zaman halk\u0131n aras\u0131na girip kendi eliyle yard\u0131mlar da\u011f\u0131tan bu sultan ayn\u0131 zamanda bilime \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdi\u011fi, be\u015f dil bildi\u011fi \u0130bn-\u00fc \u0130yas\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131nda belirtilir. Ancak bu b\u00fcy\u00fck sultan 1515 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyen T\u00fcrk ordusunu durdurmak \u00fczere ordusunun ba\u015f\u0131nda Suriye\u2019ye gelmi\u015f burada Mercidab\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan sava\u015fta \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine yerine Tumanbay sultan olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Yeni sultan, Suriye \u00fczerinden ilerleyen Sultan Selim\u2019in ordusunu durdurmak \u00fczere g\u00f6reve gelir gelmez yeniden sava\u015fa tutu\u015fmu\u015f ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tutunamayarak Kahire\u2019ye \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak ilerleyen Sultan Selim\u2019in ordusu Kahire i\u00e7lerine girmi\u015f, k\u0131ran k\u0131rana sokak sava\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra kent teslim olmu\u015f ve ordunun geriye kalan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de\u00a0 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda esir d\u00fc\u015fen Sultan Tumanbay Kahire\u2019de Z\u00fceyl Kap\u0131s\u0131 denilen yerde kafas\u0131 kesilerek katledilmi\u015ftir (Nisan 1517). Kenti t\u00fcm\u00fcyle i\u015fgal eden Sultan Selim\u2019in, \u00e7ocuklar dahil t\u00fcm \u00c7erkeslerin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, hamile kad\u0131nlar\u0131n dahi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 erkek olmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ferman yay\u0131nlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130bn-\u00fc \u0130yas\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131n\u0131n 3.cildinde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki \u00c7erkes sultanlar\u0131 d\u00f6nemi b\u00f6yle ac\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sona ermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bu konuda folklorumuzda da \u00e7e\u015fitli bilgiler var. Bu bilgiler ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklarda bu konuya ili\u015fkin di\u011fer bilgilerden devam\u0131nda s\u00f6zedece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda bu konuyu \u00c7erkeslerin M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a geli\u015fi, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da egemenlik s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri d\u00f6nem, M\u0131s\u0131r Devleti ile T\u00fcrk Devleti aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, Mercidab\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131, sonras\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7tikten sonraki d\u00f6nem olmak \u00fczere birka\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm halinde \u00e7ok daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131n\u0131p incelenmesi gereken \u00e7ok uzun ve geni\u015f bir konudur. Burada \u00e7ok k\u0131sa olarak de\u011finmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00c7erkes sultanlar\u0131 d\u00f6nemi ile ilgili daha toparlanmas\u0131 gereken pek \u00e7ok kaynakta pek \u00e7ok bilgi vard\u0131r. Ancak k\u0131saca dikkat \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu konuyu, olayla ilgili folklorumuzda en \u00e7ok g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan iki a\u011f\u0131t\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da vererek \u015fimdilik bitirece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n Kahire\u2019deki Sava\u015f M\u00fczesi m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Abdurrahman Zeki, \u201cKahire\u2019nin Bin Y\u0131l\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n 98.sayfas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle der: “\u00c7erkes sultanlar d\u00f6neminde, \u00f6zelliklede Sultan Kaytbay d\u00f6neminde mimari ve kentle\u015fme konusunda pek \u00e7ok yenilikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilerleme sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck ta\u015f binalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda yeni teknikler geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f, bu yap\u0131lar yaz\u0131tlarla s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle bu d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131larda s\u00fcsleme ve i\u015flemecilik bir sanat haline gelmi\u015f ta\u015f oymac\u0131l\u0131k yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki \u00c7erkeslerin aras\u0131ndan o d\u00f6nemde pek \u00e7ok yazar, tarih\u00e7i, bilim adam\u0131 yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. Yine bunlardan biri olan Bibres, 11 ciltlik M\u0131s\u0131r tarihini inceleyen kitab\u0131nda (Zubdet\u00fcl Fikre Fi Tarihil Hicre) \u00c7erkes sultanlar d\u00f6neminden uzun uzun s\u00f6zetmektedir (bu kitap hala Kahire \u00dcniversite K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde bulunmaktad\u0131r). Yine Yusuf o\u011flu, Halil o\u011flu Abd\u00fclhamit Kuddusi de bunlardan birisidir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde bu ki\u015finin de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n o d\u00f6nemi \u00fczerine kitaplar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u201cEl Muhte\u015fer Fi Tarihil Misra\u201d adl\u0131, M\u0131s\u0131r sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa tarih\u00e7esini anlatan kitab\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak \u00c7erkes sultanlar\u0131ndan s\u00f6zetmektedir. Yine Emir E\u015fbek’in hicri 8756 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kafkasya\u2019ya gidi\u015fi ve Kafkas halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 ve ili\u015fkilerini anlatan bir ba\u015fka bir kitab\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkes tarih\u00e7ilerinden Muhammet \u0130yas’\u0131n o\u011flu (hicri 908 y\u0131l\u0131nda 84 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr) \u0130bn\u00fc \u0130yas\u2019\u0131n \u201cBedaihuzzur Fi Vekaidil Hu\u015fur\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer sayd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7ok daha o d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu yap\u0131tlarda sultanlardan Kan\u015faue \u011eur\u2019un m\u00fczisyen oldu\u011fu ve m\u00fczik ile \u00e7ok yak\u0131ndan ilgilendi\u011fi ve bestelerinin o d\u00f6nemde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan , yine Sultan Janbolet’in sava\u015f bilimi ve askeri e\u011fitim \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kitaplar\u0131 oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6zedilir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc S\u00f6r William’\u0131n “Memluklar\u0131n Tarihi” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n 212. sayfas\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zleri ile bitirelim. \u201cOnlar sava\u015f ve politika okullar\u0131nda e\u011fitilmi\u015fler, bilim, felsefe ve sanatla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e yeti\u015fmi\u015flerdi. \u0130\u015fte bu \u015fekilde \u00f6nderli\u011fe, de\u011fer mevki ve mertebelere geldiler ve sultanl\u0131\u011fa da haklar\u0131yla geldiler, lay\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile y\u00f6nettiler. Onlar\u0131n yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan pek \u00e7o\u011fu M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bunca felaketlere kar\u015f\u0131n hala g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fabilmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n FOLKLORUMUZDA MISIR\u00a0 SULTANLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da orijinal Adige\u2019ce text’ini g\u00f6rece\u011finiz Adige pa\u015ft\u0131xhem ya th\u0131aus\u0131h\u0131e (Adige sultanlar\u0131n yak\u0131nmalar\u0131) adl\u0131 eski Adige t\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fcnde bu d\u00f6nemden s\u00f6zedilir. Ayr\u0131ca K\u0131an\u015faue \u011eur ve Tomanbay’\u0131n, Sultan Selim ile sava\u015fmalar\u0131 , yenilmeleri ve \u00c7erkes egemenli\u011finin sona ermesi ile ilgili a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u011f\u0131t , o d\u00f6neme ve \u00c7erkeslerin M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a \u00f6zg\u00fcr sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar olarak indiklerine ili\u015fkin bilgiler i\u00e7ermektedir. (Yazar\u0131n notu: Bu a\u011f\u0131t Kafkasya\u2019dan Osmanl\u0131ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f karde\u015flerimizden Eski Gubakuey k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Askale Udjukh taraf\u0131ndan arkada\u015f\u0131 Harun efendiye yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir mektupta yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu mektup bana Hade\u011fal\u0131e Aker taraf\u0131ndan ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve hala korumam alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" ELBED Hasan Gukhinej (hatıralar) adlı kitabından Çeviri: BABUG Ergün Yıldız Mısır’da sürmüş olan Çerkes sultanları dönemi hakkında ne yazık ki Adige tarihinde pek bir bilgiye karşılaşılmıyor. Bu konuda elimizde bulunan en önemli bilgi TSAĞO Nuri tarafından yazılmış bulunan “Müslüman Tarihi” adlı kitabın sonunda yer alan kısa değinmeleridir. Bu konuya Ortadoğu tarihinde ve Mısır’ın tarihi üzerine 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\n<\/strong>Gukhinej (hat\u0131ralar) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131ndan
\n\u00c7eviri: BABUG Erg\u00fcn Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n