{"id":9247,"date":"2019-03-12T17:00:49","date_gmt":"2019-03-12T17:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=9247"},"modified":"2019-03-12T17:00:49","modified_gmt":"2019-03-12T17:00:49","slug":"tarihsel-mucadele-surecinde-cerkesler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/tarihsel-mucadele-surecinde-cerkesler\/","title":{"rendered":"TAR\u0130HSEL M\u00dcCADELE S\u00dcREC\u0130NDE \u00c7ERKESLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Sosyalizm Yolunda \u00d6zg\u00fcr Gen\u00e7lik<\/strong>
\n27 Mart 2004<\/p>\n

Azak Denizi ve Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile Terek nehrine kadar uzanan topraklarda ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkesler, bu co\u011frafyada \u00f6nemli uygarl\u0131klar yaratt\u0131lar. \u00c7erkes \u00fclkesi, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinden Don nehrine kadar uzan\u0131yordu. Tarihsel \u00c7erkes yurdu olan bu co\u011frafyada \u00c7erkesler, antik Kuban ve Maykop k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ulusal mitolojinin arkeoloji aynas\u0131ndan yans\u0131mas\u0131 gibi d\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde ender g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00f6zelliklere sahip olan Antik Kuban K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ve sonras\u0131ndaki Maykop K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne bug\u00fcn t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi duymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkesler, 1400\u2019l\u00fc hatta 1500\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llara kadar ilkel kom\u00fcnal toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na sahiptiler. Bunun sebebi; \u00c7erkeslerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n jeopolitik \u00f6nemi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli sald\u0131r\u0131lara maruz kalmalar\u0131, savunma amac\u0131yla derin vadilere s\u0131k\u0131\u015farak \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirememi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmemesi ve \u00fcretim fazlas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmamas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kafkasya\u2019da s\u0131n\u0131fl\u0131 toplumsal yap\u0131 olu\u015ftu. 18. ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda feodalite \u00c7erkeslerde g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. \u00c7erkeslerde feodal yap\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca d\u00f6rt s\u0131n\u0131ftan olu\u015fuyordu: P\u015f\u0131 (prens), Workh (soylu), Fekotl (\u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u00f6yl\u00fc), P\u015f\u0131tl\u0131 ve Wuneut (k\u00f6le). Toplumun %80\u2019ini \u00f6zg\u00fcr k\u00f6yl\u00fcler olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Feodalite, \u00c7erkes emek\u00e7i halk\u0131 \u00fczerinde yo\u011fun bir bask\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Feodaller, halk\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7inen bu asalak ve f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131 tabaka, halk\u0131 tarlalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcyor, k\u00f6lele\u015ftirerek sat\u0131yordu. Feodal sistemde \u00c7erkes halk\u0131 on iki ana boydan olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. \u00c7erkesler boylara ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen kabileler federasyonu bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6rg\u00fctlendiklerinden ortak bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 ortak politik geli\u015fim \u00e7izgisi g\u00f6steriyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fgal B\u00f6lgesi Kafkasya<\/b><\/p>\n

Feodalitenin olu\u015ftu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6nceleri K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoluyla, sonralar\u0131 direkt olarak Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin yay\u0131lma giri\u015fimleri s\u00f6z konusudur. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7erkesya \u00fczerindeki yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00c7erkes emek\u00e7i halk\u0131, gerek \u00c7arizm’in i\u015fgal politikalar\u0131na gerekse Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kolonyalist bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 feodal bask\u0131lar\u0131n da etkisiyle ulusal intihara varan bir direni\u015f ile yan\u0131t vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ar Petro\u2019dan beri s\u0131cak denizlere inme hedefinde olan Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Orta Asya T\u00fcrkleriyle birle\u015fme amac\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin politikalar\u0131 Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu co\u011frafya, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca bahsi ge\u00e7en iki devletin \u00e7eki\u015fme alan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde yer alan G\u00fcrcistan 1801 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendi iste\u011fiyle Rusya\u2019ya ilhak edilmi\u015fti ve b\u00f6ylece \u00c7erkesya g\u00fcneyden de ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyordu. G\u00fcrcistan, \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgalinde \u00f6nemli bir basamak olmu\u015ftur. Kafkas-Rus Sava\u015flar\u0131 21 May\u0131s 1864\u2019te \u00c7erkeslerin yenilgisiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilimsel sosyalizmin kurucusu Karl Marx, \u00c7erkes Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda 7 Temmuz 1864\u2019te \u015f\u00f6yle bir yorum yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131lara uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6nlemleri Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n aptalca bir umursamazl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 kendileri i\u00e7in daha kolay oluyor. Polonya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n sindirilmesi ve Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgali olaylar\u0131n\u0131 1815 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en ciddi olay\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendiriyorum.\u201d<\/p>\n

Rusya, Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmekle yetinmemi\u015f, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn politikalar\u0131yla \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 yerli halktan ar\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 %85\u2019lere varan oranlarda bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7erkes S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc, \u00c7arizm’in i\u015fgal politikalar\u0131, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kolonyalist hile ve aldatmacalar\u0131 ile feodallerin ihaneti sonucu eyleme ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7erkes S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc bir kolonyalist payla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.
\n \u00c7erkesler S\u00fcrg\u00fcn Yollar\u0131nda<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc, boyutlar\u0131 ve niteli\u011fi itibariyle ayn\u0131 zamanda bir soyk\u0131r\u0131md\u0131r. Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Karadeniz sahillerinden iki milyondan fazla bir n\u00fcfusla gemilere doldurulan \u00c7erkesler, Osmanl\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7te bir oran\u0131nda kay\u0131p vererek ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma nedeniyle salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve \u00f6l\u00fcmler ba\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Halk\u0131n bu k\u00f6t\u00fc durumundan faydalanmak isteyen Osmanl\u0131 k\u00f6le tacirleri, \u0130ngiliz ajan ve feodaller, \u00c7erkes \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmi\u015fler, \u00c7erkes kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 saraylar\u0131na cariye yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c7erkes halk\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olarak geldi\u011fi Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinde, Osmanl\u0131 iskan siyaseti do\u011frultusunda da\u011f\u0131t\u0131larak yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7erkes halk\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlarda ve sorunlu i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerde tampon jandarma olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Balkanlara yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan \u00c7erkesler Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1877\u2019de Rusya\u2019n\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczerine Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan ikinci bir s\u00fcrg\u00fcne tabi tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. D\u00f6rt y\u00fcz bin n\u00fcfusa sahip bu halk kitlesi Anadolu ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 21 May\u0131s 1864\u2019te ya\u015fanan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, \u00c7erkes halk\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tam anlam\u0131yla bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve kimlik \u015foku olarak tarihin sayfalar\u0131na kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n


\nKafkas Kartal\u0131 Abrekler<\/b><\/p>\n

Tarihte, \u00c7erkes Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00c7erkes S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc olarak bilinen iki olay; \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n birinci derecede sorumlu olduklar\u0131 olaylard\u0131r. \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131 \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmek amac\u0131yla amans\u0131z bir vah\u015fet uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rus askeri ar\u015fivlerinde Kafkas Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir yok etme sava\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu sav\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen bir\u00e7ok tarihsel belge vard\u0131r. \u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse: 1807-1810 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Rus birliklerinin Kuban \u00f6tesinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 askeri operasyonlarda iki y\u00fcz kadar \u00c7erkes k\u00f6y\u00fc yok edilmi\u015fti. 1822\u2019de general Vlasov\u2019un emriyle on yedi b\u00fcy\u00fck ve y\u00fcz on dokuz k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00f6y yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden silindi.<\/p>\n

Cesur \u00c7erkes gerillalar\u0131 (Abrekler) iki y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre, halk sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. \u00c7erkes Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na olan hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Karl Marx \u015fu \u015fekilde dile getiriyordu: \u201cEy d\u00fcnya, ey insanl\u0131k! \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn anlam\u0131n\u0131 Kafkas da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenin. \u00d6zg\u00fcr ya\u015famak isteyenlerin neler ba\u015farabilece\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcn. Uluslar onlardan ders als\u0131n!\u201d\u00a0 Karl Marx ve Friedrich Engels, \u00c7erkes Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00a0\u201chalk\u0131n kendisinin bizzat kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakl\u0131 bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131\u201d olarak nitelemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sosyalizm Yolunda Özgür Gençlik 27 Mart 2004 Azak Denizi ve Karadeniz’in doğu kıyıları ile Terek nehrine kadar uzanan topraklarda yaşayan Çerkesler, bu coğrafyada önemli uygarlıklar yarattılar. Çerkes ülkesi, bugünkü Gürcistan’ın kuzeyinden Don nehrine kadar uzanıyordu. Tarihsel Çerkes yurdu olan bu coğrafyada Çerkesler, antik Kuban ve Maykop kültürlerini oluşturmuşlardır. Ulusal mitolojinin arkeoloji aynasından yansıması gibi dünya 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