{"id":9275,"date":"2019-03-12T19:05:07","date_gmt":"2019-03-12T19:05:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=9275"},"modified":"2019-03-12T19:05:07","modified_gmt":"2019-03-12T19:05:07","slug":"sarmatlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/sarmatlar\/","title":{"rendered":"SARMATLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.aors.narod.ru\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u00c7eviri: Haluk \u00d6zcan<\/p>\n

Sarmatlar, eski deyi\u015fle \u201cSauromatlar\u201ddan ilk defa Herodot taraf\u0131ndan Sauromat Efsaneleri\u2019nde, \u0130skit gen\u00e7lerinin Amazonlardan olan soylar\u0131 olarak bahsedilir.Eski yazarlar, kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n toplum hayat\u0131 ve sava\u015flardaki rol\u00fc sebebiyle sahip oldu\u011fu onurlu konum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hayrete d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir.Kadim \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n kutsal kitab\u0131 Avesta\u2019da Sauromatlar-Sarmatlar i\u00e7in \u201cSairima\u201d kelimesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00d6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Sarmat kabile birlikleri Don, G\u00fcney Urallar ve Aral denizi mevkileri aras\u0131nda olu\u015fturulmu\u015f, Saka-Massaget kabilelerini de kapsamaktayd\u0131.M\u00d6 4. ve 3.yy\u2019lar aras\u0131nda Sarmat g\u00f6\u00e7ebeleri Kuzey Pontik b\u00f6lgesi, Kuzey Kafkasya ve Orta Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru ilerlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.Bu s\u0131rada, \u0130skitlerin Asya seferleri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki gibi, Sarmatlar da askeri demokrasiyle y\u00f6netilmekteydi.Sosyal e\u015fitsizlik h\u0131zla artmaktayd\u0131.Askeri soyluluklar\u0131 kavimsel birliklere \u00f6nderlik ediyor, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc verimli tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek ve otlak araziler fethederek art\u0131rmaya \u00e7abal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

M\u00d6 2. ve 3.yy\u2019larda Sarmatlar, yaln\u0131z K\u0131r\u0131m ve Dobruca\u2019da (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Romanya’s\u0131nda pontik bir b\u00f6lge) etkisini koruyabilmi\u015f Avrupa \u0130skitlerinin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 fethetti.M\u00d6 3.yy\u2019\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Cersones \u015fehrini d\u00fc\u015fman \u0130skitlere kar\u015f\u0131 savunan Sarmat krali\u00e7esi Amaga, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015fen \u0130skitya\u2019daki kontrol\u00fc ele ald\u0131.M\u00d6 179\u2019da K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya ve Kuzey Pontus\u2019un uluslar aras\u0131 hayat\u0131na i\u015ftirak eden Sarmat kral\u0131 Gatal\u2019dan bahsedilmektedir.M\u00d6 1. ve 2.yy\u2019larda \u0130skitya art\u0131k Sarmatya olarak an\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.Don nehri Avrupa Sarmatya’s\u0131yla Kafkasya\u2019da dahil olmak \u00fczere Asya Sarmatya’s\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131r olarak kabul ediliyordu.\u0130skit kabileleri de Sarmat birliklerine kat\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u00dcst\u00fcn silah\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve sava\u015f sanat\u0131 olmadan Sarmat fetihlerinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 imkans\u0131z olurdu.Sava\u015f\u0131m tarihindeki Sarmat d\u00f6nemi, a\u011f\u0131r silahl\u0131 s\u00fcvari ve yak\u0131n sava\u015f tekniklerinin \u00f6neminin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7 olmu\u015ftur.Erken d\u00f6nem Sarmat ordusunun temeli halen deri tozluk ve mi\u011ffer giyen hafif silahl\u0131 ok\u00e7u suvarilerilerden olu\u015fuyordu.Fakat Sarmatlar\u0131n askeri \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r silahl\u0131 atl\u0131 t\u00fcmenlerinden kaynaklan\u0131yordu.Sarmat ordusundaki bu t\u00fcmenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri ve rolleri d\u00fczenli olarak art\u0131yordu.Metal ya da boynuz kaplamal\u0131 z\u0131rh\u0131yla korunan Soylu Sarmat sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 m\u0131zrakla d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131 deviriyor ve uzun s\u00fcvari k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131yla i\u015fini bitiriyordu.Uzun Sarmat atlar\u0131na da \u00f6zel bir z\u0131rh giydiriliyordu.<\/p>\n

Yaziges, Roxolani, Siraces, Aorsi; en b\u00fcy\u00fck Sarmat kabile birliklerinin isimleriydi.Daha \u00e7ok bat\u0131l\u0131 olan Yazigan Sarmatlar\u0131, ilk olarak Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun Tuna illerine bask\u0131n d\u00fczenleyenlerdi.Roxolaniler Dinyepelerle Don b\u00f6lgeleri aras\u0131n\u0131 merak ederek k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131ndaki askeri k\u0131\u015flalar\u0131n\u0131 Azov Denizi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kurdular. Sicaresler aralar\u0131nda en geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomi ve sosyal yap\u0131ya sahip olanlard\u0131 ki; Kuzey Bat\u0131 Kafkasya’n\u0131n Meot tar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 konu edinmi\u015f ve Sarmatlar i\u00e7inde ilk olarak kendi eyaletlerini olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcleri ve kalabal\u0131klar\u0131 Aorsilerdi. Yunan co\u011frafyac\u0131 ve tarih\u00e7isi Strapon\u2019a g\u00f6re, M\u00d6. 1.yy sava\u015flar\u0131ndan birinde Siraces kral\u0131 Abeac 20 bin ki\u015filik atl\u0131 ordu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu ve bu say\u0131 Aorsi kral\u0131 Spadin i\u00e7in 200 bin ve \u00fcst Aorsiler i\u00e7in daha da fazlayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Aorsiler, Hint ve Babil masallar\u0131n\u0131 Kafkasya yoluyla Volga ve Don steplerine ula\u015ft\u0131ran deve kervanlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi en iyi ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmekteydi.Yak\u0131n Do\u011fuya giden yollardan biri de Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Hazar k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca izlenen rota, bir di\u011feri Terek ve Aragva vadileri aras\u0131ndan giden, \u201cSarmat Yolu\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan rotayd\u0131.\u00d6nemli bir ticari rotas\u0131 da Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019dan Sarmat topraklar\u0131 boyunca Pontic ve Hazar stepleri \u00fczerinden Urallar, Orta Asya ve \u00c7in\u2019e giden yoldu.Sarmatlar, Bosfor Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kuzey Pontus \u015fehirleri ile yak\u0131n politik, ticari ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkilere sahip oldular.Kafkasya ve A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Don b\u00f6lgesindeki baz\u0131 Sarmatlar ise ya\u015fam \u015fekillerini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek tar\u0131msal manevi yap\u0131y\u0131 tercih etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Askeri i\u015fbirlik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik de\u011fi\u015f-toku\u015f, baz\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7ebelerin yerle\u015fik hayata ge\u00e7meleri, Sarmatlar\u0131n yerel halkla kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Kafkasya, eski zamanlardan beri \u0130skit d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir.Sarmat fetihleri yaln\u0131zca politik davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f ve Kafkasya\u2019daki \u0130skit gelene\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmi\u015ftir.Milattan \u00f6nceki son y\u00fczy\u0131llar, Sarmatlar\u0131n sadece ova de\u011fil, da\u011f yerle\u015fimlerinin de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi zaman dilimi olmu\u015ftur.Eski yazarlara ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, Orta Kafkasya \u0130skit-Sarmatlar taraf\u0131ndan iskan edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Sarmat \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n madde k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklere sahip, bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda; Sarmatlara mahsus hayvan bi\u00e7imleri ve \u00e7ok renklilik, metal aletlerin renkli ta\u015flarla kaplanarak s\u00fcslenmesi say\u0131labilir.Sarmat toplumunun karakteristikleri, simge kullan\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6zel \u201ctamga\u201d denilen i\u015faretlerin i\u015flevselli\u011fi ve armalar\u0131d\u0131r.M\u00d6 2.yy\u2019dan itibaren Bat\u0131\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Sarmat gruplar\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Romanya, Macaristan, Bulgaristan, Fransa, \u0130talya ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019sine yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

http:\/\/www.aors.narod.ru  Çeviri: Haluk Özcan Sarmatlar, eski deyişle “Sauromatlar”dan ilk defa Herodot tarafından Sauromat Efsaneleri’nde, İskit gençlerinin Amazonlardan olan soyları olarak bahsedilir.Eski yazarlar, kadınının toplum hayatı ve savaşlardaki rolü sebebiyle sahip olduğu onurlu konum karşısında hayrete düşmüşlerdir.Kadim İran’ın kutsal kitabı Avesta’da Sauromatlar-Sarmatlar için “Sairima” kelimesi kullanılır. MÖ. 4. yüzyılda Sarmat kabile birlikleri Don, Güney Urallar ve 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