{"id":9433,"date":"2024-02-11T01:32:25","date_gmt":"2024-02-11T07:32:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=9433"},"modified":"2024-02-11T19:57:42","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T01:57:42","slug":"gunumuz-rf-ekonomisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/gunumuz-rf-ekonomisi\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00dcN\u00dcM\u00dcZ RF EKONOM\u0130S\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131 Kredi<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span>Yap\u0131 Kredi Moscow taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

17 A\u011fustos 1998 krizine kadar istikrarl\u0131 bir kur politikas\u0131 sayesinde enflasyonu % 11’lere, deval\u00fcasyonu % 7’lere kadar indiren RF, kriz sonras\u0131nda da elindeki t\u00fcm imkanlar\u0131 kullanarak istikrar\u0131 yeniden yakalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 piyasalarda kredibilitesi d\u00fc\u015fen, IMF ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 kredileri dondurulan RF 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 taahh\u00fctleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 8.1 milyar Dolar d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 \u00f6demesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Ekonominin genel dengelerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki geli\u015fmeleri g\u00f6rmekteyiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toptan talep
\n<\/b>
\n1 US dolar\u0131n 27 Ruble’ye kadar y\u00fckseldi\u011fi ve 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ithal ikamesine d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Rus ekonomisinde , t\u00fcketim harcamalar\u0131 endeksi 1998 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re % 9 oran\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015f, Aral\u0131k 1999 da ise bu endeks 1998 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re % 2 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u0131da maddeleri harcamalar\u0131 1998 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re % 2, g\u0131da d\u0131\u015f\u0131 maddeler ise % 4 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015faat ve te\u00e7hizat malzemelerine yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m 1998 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re % 1 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretim
\n<\/b>
\n\u00dcretimle ilgili ilk ciddi b\u00fcy\u00fcme belirtileri 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gayr\u0131 Safi Yurt \u0130\u00e7i Has\u0131la (GSY\u0130H) 1998 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re %3,2 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. GSY\u0130H \u00fcretim y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelendi\u011finde, 1998 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 en y\u00fcksek olan sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc % 8,1, tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc % 2,4, in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ise %5,4 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fcme kaydetmi\u015ftir. Toptan ticaret hacmi ise 1998 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n rakam\u0131na g\u00f6re % 9,5 oran\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.1999 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011finde ba\u015flayan \u00fcretim hacminin azalmas\u0131 devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Fiyatlar
\n<\/b>
\n2000 y\u0131l\u0131 Ocak ay\u0131nda t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksinde bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1999 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda % 1,3 seviyesinde olan t\u00fcketici fiyat endeksi, 2000 Ocak ay\u0131nda % 2,3 y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. G\u0131da maddelerindeki art\u0131\u015f Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda % 1,4 , Ocak ay\u0131nda % 2,2 olmu\u015ftur. G\u0131da d\u0131\u015f\u0131 maddelerdeki art\u0131\u015f ise Aral\u0131kta % 1,2 , Ocakta ise % 2,2’dir.<\/p>\n

1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 22,3 seviyesinde bulunan \u00fcretici fiyat endeksi ,1999 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde % 59,8 seviyesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda gerilemeye ba\u015flayan \u00fcretici fiyat endeksi art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130stihdam piyasas\u0131
\n<\/b>
\n1999 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki i\u015fletmelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1998 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re % 0,5lik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fct g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Aktif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun % 12.3l\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bug\u00fcn i\u015fsizdir. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda 1999un son aylar\u0131nda, reel maa\u015f oran\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f olurken ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6denmeyen maa\u015f bor\u00e7lar\u0131nda bir d\u00fc\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Goskomstatin (Devlet \u0130statistik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc) t\u00fcketici fiyat dinamizmine g\u00f6re , 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 genelinde reel maa\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k oran\u0131, 1998 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re % 23 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130ktisadi G\u00f6stergelerdeki geli\u015fmeler
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0130hracat
\n<\/b>
\n1998 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re 1999un d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011finde % 3 oran\u0131nda gerileyen ihracat geliri 74,3 milyar USD olmu\u015ftur. Devlet G\u00fcmr\u00fck Komitesinin verilerine g\u00f6re ihracat\u0131n % 43 l\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 enerji ve petrold\u00fcr. % 15 oranla demir, \u00e7elik ve di\u011fer metallerdir. 1999 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ham petrol ihracat\u0131 2 milyar Dolar’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan g\u00fcmr\u00fck kanunlar\u0131nda bir seri de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya hammadde fiyatlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen art\u0131\u015fla birlikte , ihracat tarifeleri de artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Petrol ihra\u00e7 vergisi ton ba\u015f\u0131na 15 Euro’ya y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Do\u011fal gaz, bak\u0131r, nikel, \u00e7inko vergisi artarken, alt\u0131n ve al\u00fcminyum ayn\u0131 seviyede kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. RF’nun y\u0131llar itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye’ye ihracat\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda 1998 de 2.15 milyar dolar, 1999 da ise 2.37 milyar Dolar olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

RF T\u00fcrkiye’ye do\u011fal gaz, demir, \u00e7elik, ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc, demir-ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7elikten yar\u0131 mamuller, bit\u00fcmenli mineral ya\u011flar ihra\u00e7 etmektedir.<\/p>\n

RF Merkez Bankas\u0131 ocak ay\u0131nda ihracat zorunlu d\u00f6viz sat\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131 75ten % 100e \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisinde bulundu fakat Devlet G\u00fcmr\u00fck Komitesi, bu tedbirin ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ihra\u00e7 kar\u0131n\u0131 off-shore b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6ndermesine yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek karar\u0131n uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 durdurdu.<\/p>\n

\u0130thalat
\n<\/b>
\nRF 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde toplam 41.1 milyar dolarl\u0131k ithalat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.D\u00f6viz kurunun a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 de\u011ferlenmesi yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ithalat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00f6nde etki yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re 1999un d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011finde % 34 oran\u0131nda gerileyen ithalat gideri 36,8 milyar US Dolara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. RF’nun en \u00e7ok ithalat yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeler Almanya, Ukrayna ,Amerika, Belarus ve T\u00fcrkiye’dir. RF’nun yakla\u015f\u0131k 11.5 milyar dolar civar\u0131nda bavul ticareti bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunun 2.5 milyar dolarl\u0131k k\u0131sm\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye RF’ya \u00f6rme giyim e\u015fyalar\u0131, makarna,bisk\u00fcvi, ayakkab\u0131, deterjan , sabun ,dayan\u0131kl\u0131 t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131 (buzdolab\u0131,tv,cama\u015f\u0131r makinesi ) ve otomobil ihra\u00e7 etmektedir. Son zamanlarda bavul ticaretini azaltmak i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m kanunlar \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcmr\u00fcklerde kargo ticaretine getirilen kilo ba\u015f\u0131na ek 5 Euro’luk yeni vergi RF’na kargo yoluyla tekstil ,deri ve ayakkab\u0131 ihra\u00e7 eden T\u00fcrk m\u00fcte\u015febbislerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletmelerin finansal durumu
\n<\/b>
\n\u015eubat ay\u0131nda Goskomstat 1999 Ekim ve Kas\u0131m aylar\u0131na ait reel sekt\u00f6r i\u015fletmelerinin finansal durumu ile ilgili bir rapor yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rapora g\u00f6re Rus i\u015fletmelerinin durumunun iyile\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde firmalar\u0131n toplam bor\u00e7lar\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekonominin ana sekt\u00f6rlerinden sanayi, tar\u0131m, in\u015faat ve ula\u015ft\u0131rmada para hacmi % 8lik bir art\u0131\u015f (175 milyar RUB) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Zararda olan i\u015fletmeler oran\u0131 Ekim ay\u0131nda % 41,4 seviyesinden % 40,6 seviyesine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Enerji i\u015fletmelerinin kredi bor\u00e7lar\u0131 oran\u0131nda ise art\u0131\u015f e\u011filimi g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6te yandan 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcketicilerin enerji i\u015fletmelerine olan bor\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 1995-1999 s\u00fcresine g\u00f6re azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. RAO UES’in Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda % 28,75 seviyesinde olan nakit para oran\u0131, Ekim ay\u0131nda % 29,67 seviyesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1999un d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011finde gaz i\u015fletmelerinin likidite ve gelirlerinde bozulma oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 1999 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda % 69,7 seviyesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen nakit para oran\u0131, Ekim ay\u0131nda % 46,4e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra, 1999 Kas\u0131m ay\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re Gazprom’un bor\u00e7 \u00f6demelerinde bir istikrara ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rmekteyiz.<\/p>\n

Halen resmi kaynaklarda Gazprom’un yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131yla ilgili projeler tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 1995-1999 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde IMF Gazprom’un birka\u00e7 i\u015fletmeye (Gaz \u00e7\u0131karma, ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve s\u00fcr\u00fcm i\u015fletmeleri) b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi istemi\u015f fakat Gazprom bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda olan RF H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bug\u00fcne kadar IMF’in iste\u011fini yerine getirmekte istekli davranmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Fakat IMF’in son zamanlarda gittik\u00e7e artan bask\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131k RF H\u00fck\u00fcmetini bir tak\u0131m kararlar almaya zorlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rus bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi
\n<\/b>
\nRF Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi hen\u00fcz 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fan krizin etkilerini \u00fczerinden atamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ocak ay\u0131nda RF Federasyonu Merkez Bankas\u0131 (MB) munzam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ruble mevduatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in % 7 seviyesine, d\u00f6viz mevduatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ise % 10 seviyesine y\u00fckseltmi\u015ftir. Bankalar\u0131n Merkez Bankas\u0131’ndaki muhabir hesaplar\u0131n\u0131n bakiyesinin y\u00fckselmesi , $\/Ruble kuru \u00fczerine bask\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015f, Merkez Bankas\u0131 munzam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak piyasadaki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ruble likiditesini azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bankalar\u0131n halen end\u00fcstriyi kredilendirmeden ka\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermekteyiz.<\/p>\n

Enflasyonun kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla ,Merkez Bankas\u0131 reeskont faiz oran\u0131n\u0131 % 55 den, % 33 seviyesine indirmi\u015ftir. Bu oran\u0131n 2000 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde % 18’lere kadar \u00e7ekilebilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin yeniden yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam etmektedir. Burada en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rev ARCO’ya (Agency of Restructuring of Credit Organization) d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Rus bankalar\u0131 krizde kaybettikleri sermayelerinin \u015fimdilik % 60’\u0131n\u0131 yerine koymu\u015flard\u0131r. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna kadar tekrar kriz \u00f6ncesi seviyesine ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

RF’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bankalar\u0131ndan SBS-AGROnun iflas\u0131n\u0131n istenmesiyle ilgili karar \u015fimdilik ertelenmi\u015ftir. 1996 – 1999 d\u00f6neminde SBS-AGRO, \u00f6zellikle tar\u0131m projelerinin kredilendirilmesini yerine getiriyordu. Bankan\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir likidite problemi i\u00e7inde bulunmas\u0131, tar\u0131msal projelerin kredilendirmesinde Rosselhozbank’\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00e7e
\n<\/b>
\n1999 y\u0131l\u0131 rakamlar\u0131ndaki federal b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 73,9 milyar Ruble (GSYIH’n\u0131n % 1,7’s\u0131) olmu\u015ftur. Buna g\u00f6re toplam b\u00fct\u00e7e gelirleri 611,1 milyar Ruble (GSYIH’n\u0131n %13,7’i), b\u00fct\u00e7e harcamalar\u0131 ise 685,5 milyar Ruble (GSYIH’nin %15,3’u) olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. B\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 GSYIH’nin % 2’i civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1999 Ocak-Aral\u0131k s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde kamu borcu faiz \u00f6demesine 162,6 milyar Ruble harcanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kamu bor\u00e7lar\u0131 faiz \u00f6demesi incelendi\u011finde, i\u00e7 bor\u00e7 faiz \u00f6demesi 73,9 milyar Ruble, d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 faiz \u00f6demesi ise 88,7 milyar Ruble olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

25 Ocak ile 4 \u015eubat 2000 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Moskova’y\u0131 ziyaret eden IMF heyeti ,1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan makro ekonomik g\u00f6stergelerin kredi verilmesi anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n kriterlerine uydu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan yap\u0131sal reform durumuyla ilgili geli\u015fme sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. 4 \u015eubat’ta IMF temsilcileri ile RF H\u00fck\u00fcmeti 2000 y\u0131l\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7e politikas\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmaya varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. IMF kredisinin 1999’in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011finde planlanm\u0131\u015f olan USD 640 milyonluk bir diliminin verilmesi ise hen\u00fcz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6viz kuru
\n<\/b>
\nMoskova Bankalararas\u0131 D\u00f6viz Borsas\u0131ndaki i\u015flem sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re Ocak ay\u0131nda ruble kuru %5,7 oran\u0131nda de\u011fer kaybetmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 donemde Merkez Bankas\u0131 kurunda % 5,4luk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde y\u0131ll\u0131k deval\u00fcasyon % 20.5 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 d\u00f6viz rezervleriyle RF’nun d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 faiz \u00f6demelerini yapan Merkez Bankas\u0131 d\u00f6viz kurunun istikrar\u0131 konusunda daha esnek bir politika izlemi\u015f ve bunun sonunda USD\/Ruble kuru \u00fczerinde belirli bir bask\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. RF, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk 3 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6neminde yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.7 milyar Ruble d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 faizi \u00f6deyecektir.<\/p>\n

Para tedav\u00fcl\u00fc
\n<\/b>
\n1999 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131n\u0131n sonu itibari ile para hacmi 324,3 milyar Rubledir. Ic net varl\u0131klar 397,9 milyar Ruble, uluslararas\u0131 net rezervler ise 3 milyar US Dolard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 d\u00f6viz mevduatlar\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere para hacmi 984,8 milyar Ruble, Parasal taban ise 266,5 milyar Rubledir. Merkez Bankas\u0131n\u0131n 2000 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde % 21,5 oran\u0131nda para bas\u0131lmas\u0131yla ilgili plan\u0131, 1999 sonunda s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131n\u0131 azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda munzam karl\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olan Merkez Bankas\u0131, Merkez Bankas\u0131 muhabir hesaplardaki bankalar\u0131n para bakiyelerini indirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2000 Ocak ay\u0131nda Merkez Bankas\u0131 ihracat\u00e7\u0131lardan yabanc\u0131 d\u00f6viz almaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Mart ay\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 rezervler 15 milyar US Dolar’a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2000 Ocak ay\u0131nda H\u00fck\u00fcmet MB’in yard\u0131m\u0131 olmadan 1 milyar US Dolar’l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 faizi \u00f6demi\u015ftir. 2000’in ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7 \u00f6demelerinin 3 milyar USD olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

F\u0131nansal piyasalar
\n<\/b>
\n2000 Ocak ay\u0131nda RTS (Hisse senedi piyasas\u0131) sistemindeki i\u015flem hacmi Aral\u0131k ay\u0131na g\u00f6re % 71’lik art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stererek 489,2 milyon US Dolar’a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 14 Ocak itibar\u0131 ile Moscow Times endeksi 154,7 seviyesine y\u00fckselmi\u015f fakat ay sonunda gelen sat\u0131\u015flarla yeniden 130,9 seviyelerine inmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yapı Kredi Yapı Kredi Moscow tarafından hazırlanmıştır. 17 Ağustos 1998 krizine kadar istikrarlı bir kur politikası sayesinde enflasyonu % 11’lere, devalüasyonu % 7’lere kadar indiren RF, kriz sonrasında da elindeki tüm imkanları kullanarak istikrarı yeniden yakalamaya çalışmaktadır. Uluslararası piyasalarda kredibilitesi düşen, IMF ve Dünya Bankası kredileri dondurulan RF 1999 yılı içerisinde dış borç taahhütleri karşılığı […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rf-ticaret","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9433","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9433"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9433\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38226,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9433\/revisions\/38226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9433"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}