{"id":9474,"date":"2019-03-14T14:59:49","date_gmt":"2019-03-14T14:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=9474"},"modified":"2019-03-14T14:59:49","modified_gmt":"2019-03-14T14:59:49","slug":"rusya-federasyonunun-ekonomik-yapisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/rusya-federasyonunun-ekonomik-yapisi\/","title":{"rendered":"RUSYA FEDERASYONU’NUN EKONOM\u0130K YAPISI"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

17 A\u011fustos 1998’de h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Merkez Bankas\u0131’n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ruble politikas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek Ruble’yi yapay olarak y\u00fcksek tutma politikas\u0131na son vermi\u015ftir. Kriz \u00f6ncesinde ABD Dolar’\u0131n\u0131n 6,2 Ruble olan de\u011feri, 26 A\u011fustos’ta 9,5 Ruble, Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda 16 Ruble ve y\u0131l sonunda da 20,6 Ruble’ye y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Ruble’nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc 1999’un ilk aylar\u0131nda da s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve Mart 1999’dan itibaren 1 $=24-25 Ruble d\u00fczeyinde istikrar bulmu\u015ftur. Aral\u0131k 2001 itibariyle ise 1 $=30 Ruble seviyesinde seyretmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Deval\u00fcasyon, ekonomideki dengeleri alt \u00fcst etmi\u015ftir. Krizden \u00f6nce %0.5’lere d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bulunan ayl\u0131k enflasyon Eyl\u00fcl 1998’de %38,4, Ekim’de %4,5, Kas\u0131m’da %5,7, Aral\u0131k’ta %11,6 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 1998 sonu itibariyle y\u0131ll\u0131k enflasyon oran\u0131 %84,4 d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u011fustos krizi, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana s\u00fcrekli k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen Rusya ekonomisinin 1997’de ilk kez g\u00f6zlenen pozitif b\u00fcy\u00fcme e\u011filimini yeniden tersine \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda enflasyon %36, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda %20 ve 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda %18,6 d\u00fczeyinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 %8,3 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise, %5 olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fcy\u00fcmenin temelini i\u00e7 talepteki canlanma olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fal gaz ve petrol gibi stratejik enerji \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin d\u00fcnya fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f d\u00f6viz gelirlerinin seviyesini olumlu y\u00f6nde etkilemektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015f ticaret, uluslararas\u0131 piyasalardaki birincil \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda 50,5 milyar $ fazla vermi\u015ftir. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda %70 artan d\u0131\u015f ticaret fazlas\u0131 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda %17 oran\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rusya’n\u0131n toplam ticaretinin %36,9’u AB \u00dclkeleri, %18’i BDT \u00dclkeleri, %13,7’si Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00dclkeleri ve %15,3’\u00fc de Asya Pasifik \u00dclkeleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130hracat\u0131n %52,8’ini yak\u0131tlar ve enerji \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, %18’ini metaller olu\u015ftururken, ithalat\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kalemini %26,2’lik pay\u0131 ile makina ve te\u00e7hizat ard\u0131ndan da %22,9’luk pay ile g\u0131da maddeleri olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra Merkez Bankas\u0131 rezervleri %100 den fazla oranda artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131 Haziran ay\u0131nda 11 milyar $ seviyesinde olan rezervler, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131 Ekim ay\u0131nda 25,9 milyar $, 13 Aral\u0131k 2001 tarihinde ise 37 milyar $ seviyesine y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu geli\u015fme d\u00f6viz kurunu olumlu \u015fekilde etkileyerek ekonominin parasal temelini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve enflasyonla m\u00fccadeleye \u00e7ok olumlu katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Rusya Devlet \u0130statistik Komitesi’nin verilerine g\u00f6re, Ocak-Eyl\u00fcl 2001 d\u00f6neminde yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine oranla %23,2 artarak 9,7 milyar $’a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk dokuz ay\u0131nda Rusya’ya toplam 107 \u00fclkeden yabanc\u0131 sermaye girmi\u015f ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 \u00fclkeler Almanya (%17,3), ABD (%16,1) ve G\u00fcney K\u0131br\u0131s (%15,8) olmu\u015ftur. Eyl\u00fcl 2001 tarihi itibariyle biriktirilmi\u015f yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m tutar\u0131 34,4 milyar $ olarak belirtilmektedir. Bu tutar\u0131n 17,7 milyar $’\u0131 do\u011frudan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, 1,1 milyar $’\u0131 portf\u00f6y yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve 15,6 milyar $’\u0131 di\u011fer yat\u0131r\u0131mlar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rusya d\u0131\u015f ticaret mevzuat\u0131 ve g\u00fcmr\u00fck rejiminin DT\u00d6 sistemine uyumu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Rusya Federasyonu’nun 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda DT\u00d6’ye \u00fcye olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

17 Ağustos 1998’de hükümet, Merkez Bankası’nın uyguladığı Ruble politikasını değiştirerek Ruble’yi yapay olarak yüksek tutma politikasına son vermiştir. Kriz öncesinde ABD Dolar’ının 6,2 Ruble olan değeri, 26 Ağustos’ta 9,5 Ruble, Eylül ayında 16 Ruble ve yıl sonunda da 20,6 Ruble’ye yükselmiştir. Ruble’nin düşüşü 1999’un ilk aylarında da sürmüş ve Mart 1999’dan itibaren 1 $=24-25 Ruble […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rf-ticaret","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9474"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9475,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9474\/revisions\/9475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9474"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}