![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/KULTUR-TARIHI-VE-TOPLUMSAL-TARIHIN-INTIKAMI-b.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Efe Duyan<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Tarih, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f \u00fczerine \u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f\u0131n tarihi kadar, tarihin tarihi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Tarih yazm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131n da, haliyle bir tarihi var. Hatta tarihin tarihinin tarihi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc ya da bu b\u00f6yle gider diyerek, tarihin tarihinde uslu uslu durmak m\u0131 gerekir? Tarih, e\u011fer ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olaylar\u0131 anlatmakla yetiniyorsa, o zaman tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tarihi de anlams\u0131zla\u015f\u0131r, tarihin kendisinin bir kopyas\u0131 haline gelir. Yok, biz Marksistlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnece\u011fi gibi, tarih yazmak da di\u011fer t\u00fcm her \u015fey gibi d\u00fcnyaya bak\u0131\u015fla ilintiliyse, o zaman tarihin yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tarihi de tarihin bir konusu ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Soru sormak bir giri\u015f paragraf\u0131nda iyidir ama biraz \u00e7ok mu sorduk ama bir tane daha. Tarih yazmak, birebir ger\u00e7e\u011fi anlatmak de\u011fil de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131n bir yorumu ise birden fazla tarih m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/span><\/p>\n Marksistlerin tarihe bakarken didi\u015fmeleri gereken sorulardan biri budur. Marksist tarih, mutlak bir do\u011fruluk mu i\u00e7ermektedir yoksa ona de\u011ferini ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc veren siyasal nedenler midir?<\/p>\n Bir kitap tan\u0131t\u0131rken, ge\u00e7erken y\u00fcz elli y\u0131ld\u0131r Marksistlerin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131p durdu\u011fu konular\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcvermek olamayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in test usul\u00fc, ikinci se\u00e7ene\u011fi i\u015faretliyorum.<\/p>\n Marksist tarihin hem g\u00fcc\u00fc hem g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc buradad\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, ne tarihi, ne felsefeyi, ne ekonomiyi, ne de sanat\u0131, kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na kendi i\u00e7lerinde de\u011ferlendirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Her yere bula\u015f\u0131r siyaset. Her s\u00f6z\u00fcn ucunda, bazense yaln\u0131z ufuk \u00e7izgisinde devrim vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan Marksist tarih kuramsal olarak ba\u015fka tarihsel perspektiflere oranla \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak, di\u011fer yandan \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle elimizin alt\u0131ndaki Marksist tarih yaz\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 konudad\u0131r ve kuramsal g\u00fcc\u00fcne oranla az say\u0131da Marksist tarih metin yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Peter Burke\u2019nin K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi kitab\u0131, bu noktada ilgin\u00e7 sorularla okunabiliyor. K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi, bir tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 tarihi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k son otuz y\u0131l i\u00e7inde k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihine artan ilginin nedenlerini ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f k\u00fclliyat\u0131 ele al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Ger\u00e7ekten, k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihine y\u00f6nelik ciddi bir ilgi var ve yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde \u00f6nemli say\u0131da k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi metni yaz\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Marksizm’in, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada hem siyasal olarak hem de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel olarak g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybetmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neme denk geliyor bu y\u00fckseli\u015f. Toplumsal hayattan ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerden soyutlanm\u0131\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayat tan\u0131m\u0131 ve tarihinin, Marksist gelene\u011fin zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde \u00f6nem kazanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 do\u011fal. Bu anlamda, k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihleri, \u00e7o\u011funlukla siyasal bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na te\u011fet ge\u00e7erek, \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir alanda kendilerini var etmekteler.<\/p>\n Elbette, genellikle. Genellikle, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, t\u00fcm bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi yaz\u0131m\u0131 Marksizm’e olan mesafesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden g\u00f6rmezlikten gelinemez. Zira, k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihinin, Marksist bir perspektifle yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve yaz\u0131lm\u0131yor olmas\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 zamanda Marksistler de sorumlu de\u011fil midir?<\/p>\n Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi, g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla halk\u0131n ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 konu edinmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n, ideolojinin en yo\u011fun olarak i\u015fledi\u011fi alan oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k ve b\u00f6yle bir tarihin Marksist bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla zenginle\u015ftirilebilece\u011fi ortada. \u00d6te yandan, halk k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, i\u00e7lerinde muhalif bir birikimi, isyanlar\u0131n ruhlar\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fccadelenin simgelerini bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yorlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle siyasal bir alan. \u0130lerici m\u00fccadeleden kopuk k\u00fclt\u00fcrel b\u00f6lme ise, bu kez tam da hegemonyaya yak\u0131n durdu\u011fu i\u00e7in siyasal. Yani, yine siyasal.<\/p>\n Peter Burke\u2019nin k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihine ili\u015fkin Marksist ele\u015ftirilere dair \u00e7e\u015fitli yorumlar\u0131 bulunuyor \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada: \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcre klasik yakla\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6neltilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca Marksist ele\u015ftiri, onun \u2018havada\u2019 kalmas\u0131, yani herhangi bir ekonomik ya da toplumsal temele dayanmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Burckhardt\u2019\u0131n daha sonra kendisinin de kabul etti\u011fi gibi, \u0130talyan R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik temelleri \u00fczerine s\u00f6yleyece\u011fi \u00e7ok az \u015fey vard\u0131; Huizinga ise ge\u00e7 Orta\u00e7a\u011flardaki \u00f6l\u00fcm duygusu \u00fcst\u00fcne yorumunda Kara \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc (veba) d\u00fcped\u00fcz g\u00f6rmezden gelmi\u015fti. Yine, Panovsky\u2019nin denemesi de Gotik mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve skolastisizmin ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan sorumlu olan iki toplumsal grubun -ta\u015fduvar ustalar\u0131yla bilim\/sanat ustalar\u0131n\u0131n- temas\u0131ndan pek s\u00f6z etmemekteydi.<\/p>\n Klasik k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarih\u00e7ilerine y\u00f6neltilen ikinci bir Marksist ele\u015ftiri, onlar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel t\u00fcrde\u015fli\u011fi fazla abartmak ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ihmal etmekle su\u00e7lamakt\u0131r. (\u2026)\u201d<\/p>\n Her \u015fey bir yana, k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi, akla gelebilecek her \u015feyin tarihsel oldu\u011funu ak\u0131lda tutmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Her \u015fey, tarihin bir an\u0131nda ya da bir s\u00fcrecinde, ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ya da d\u00fcped\u00fcz icat edilmi\u015ftir. Egemen ideolojik motiflerse, \u00e7o\u011fu kez bunu gizlemeyi ye\u011fler.<\/p>\n Temizlikten, mutfa\u011fa, duygular\u0131n tarihinden, alg\u0131n\u0131n tarihine zengin bir alan\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aral\u0131yor Peter Burke\u2019nin \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi\u201d.<\/p>\n T\u00fcm tart\u0131\u015fmalar bir kenara, tarih \u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle keyifli, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc, hatta e\u011flendirici. Hatta derinlikli oldu\u011fu oranda heyecan verici. K\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi ise, yaln\u0131zca siyasal \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n de\u011fil, insan\u0131n da hikayesi. E\u011fer siyaset, yaln\u0131zca siyaset de\u011fil, biraz da her \u015feyse, k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi Marksistler i\u00e7in bir ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 de\u011fil midir? Burke\u2019nin dedi\u011fi gibi belki k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn toplumsal tarihi XXI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u201cintikam\u0131n\u0131\u201d alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Efe Duyan Peter Burke, Kültür Tarihi, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul, Ekim 2006 Çeviri: Mete Tunçay Tarih, yaşanmış üzerine örülüdür. Yaşanmışın tarihi kadar, tarihin tarihi de mümkün. Tarih yazmış olanların da, haliyle bir tarihi var. Hatta tarihin tarihinin tarihi de mümkün mü ya da bu böyle gider diyerek, tarihin tarihinde uslu uslu durmak mı gerekir? […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[126],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aydin-adige-abhaz-gencligi","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9539"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29889,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9539\/revisions\/29889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nPeter Burke, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Tarihi, \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,<\/span> \u0130stanbul, Ekim 2006
\n<\/span> <\/span> \u00c7eviri: Mete Tun\u00e7ay <\/span><\/p>\n