{"id":9607,"date":"2019-03-14T21:01:18","date_gmt":"2019-03-14T21:01:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=9607"},"modified":"2025-08-23T21:47:49","modified_gmt":"2025-08-23T18:47:49","slug":"konfucyusyanizm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/konfucyusyanizm\/","title":{"rendered":"KONF\u00dc\u00c7Y\u00dcSYAN\u0130ZM"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Dinleri.com<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dinin kurucusu Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs (M.\u00d6. 551- 479) ad\u0131ndaki bir filozoftur. \u015eantung eyaletinde do\u011fmu\u015f ve orada \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. O zamandan beri eyalet \u00c7inlilerce kutsal say\u0131l\u0131r. Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ‘\u00fcn hayat\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011fretmenlik d\u00f6nemi vard\u0131r. O’nun en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri kendine a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fcvenidir. B\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131 boyunca insanlar\u0131, iyiye, do\u011fruya ve \u015ferefli bir ya\u015famaya y\u00f6nelten, inand\u0131\u011f\u0131 prensipleri yaymak i\u00e7in kitap yazan Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs, daha \u00e7ok akla hitap metodunu kullanm\u0131\u015f, mistik bir tav\u0131r tak\u0131narak metafizi\u011fin her t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc reddetmi\u015ftir. Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs hi\u00e7bir zaman Lao-Tseu gibi (Taoizm ‘in kurucusu), gibi ilahi bir kuvvetin el\u00e7isi oldu\u011funu iddia etmemi\u015ftir. Dini konular \u00fczerinde fazla konu\u015fmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7o\u011fu zaman O, kutsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm’de insan\u0131n evlenmeden veya bir erkek evlat b\u0131rakmadan \u00f6lmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah say\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc erkek evlad\u0131n, ata ruhlar\u0131na ibadeti devam ettirece\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131r. Ata ruhlar\u0131 her aile i\u00e7in \u00f6zel koruyuculuk g\u00f6revini yerine getirir.<\/p>\n

Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm Vu-Ti (M.\u00d6. 140-87) zaman\u0131ndan 1912 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devletin resmi dini kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bir bak\u0131ma Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm, geleneksel \u00c7in \u015einizmi’nin kaidele\u015fmesi \u015feklidir.<\/p>\n

Kutsal Metinleri
\n<\/b>
\nKonf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm ‘in mukaddes kitaplar\u0131, Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ‘\u00fcn \u00f6\u011frencileri taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dikkatle toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu metinler Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ‘e isnat olunan (Ta-Hio, Tehoung-Young) ve (Loun-You) iki kitaptan meydana gelmi\u015ftir ve
\n1- Klasikler, 2- Kitaplar diye iki k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs b\u00fct\u00fcn eski \u00c7in metinlerini (sosyal, dini, ahlaki gelenek, g\u00f6renek) g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek suretiyle atalar k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne dayal\u0131 \u00c7in medeniyetini ortaya koymak istemi\u015ftir. Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm’in en \u00f6nemli dini metinleri olan be\u015f klasik \u015fu kitaplardan meydana gelmektedir:<\/p>\n

– De\u011fi\u015fiklikler Kitab\u0131,
\n– Tarih Kitab\u0131,
\n– \u015eiirler Kitab\u0131,
\n– T\u00f6renler Kitab\u0131,
\n– \u0130lkbahar ve Sonbahar Vekayinameleri.<\/p>\n

Sung Hanedan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan (XI. Y\u00fczy\u0131l) bir araya getiren di\u011fer d\u00f6rt kutsal metin de \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

– Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ‘\u00fcn Konu\u015fmalar\u0131,
\n– Mansiyus ‘un S\u00f6zleri,
\n– Ortayol Doktrini,
\n– B\u00fcy\u00fck Bilgi.<\/p>\n

Kutsal metinler \u00fczerine \u00c7in bilginlerince yaz\u0131lan tefsirlerin en me\u015fhuru Tehou-Hi ‘nin eseridir.<\/p>\n

Devlet ve Halk Dini Olarak Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm ve ibadetleri
\n<\/b>
\nKonf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm’de ayr\u0131 bir rahipler s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ayinler genellikle devletin yetkili memurlar\u0131nca y\u00f6netilir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn idarecisi G\u00f6k tanr\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan t\u00f6renleri hemen ekseriyetle imparator y\u00f6netir. Her y\u0131l 22 aral\u0131k gece yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra ba\u015flayan bu t\u00f6renler adaklar, i\u00e7kiler, yiyecekler ve m\u00fczikli alaylar \u015feklinde icra edilir. Pekin ‘in g\u00fcneyindeki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck mihrab\u0131 say\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 terasl\u0131 beyaz mihrab\u0131n \u00e7evresinde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

inan\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yer y\u00fcz\u00fcne ibadet daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 dereceden bir tabiat kuvvetine tap\u0131nma \u015feklidir. Yukar\u0131da i\u015faret edilen yukar\u0131da i\u015faret edilenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, her y\u0131l yap\u0131lan g\u00fcne\u015f ve ay ibadeti ile ilgili ayinler de yine devlet g\u00f6revlilerince y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.(Son y\u0131llarda bu anlay\u0131\u015f yava\u015f yava\u015f terk edilmektedir)<\/p>\n

Halk ibadetinde en yayg\u0131n olan anlay\u0131\u015f atalara ibadettir. Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ‘ten \u00f6nce de \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olan bu ibadet, O’ndan sonra da devam etmektedir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu dinin \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f ata ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n ev veya mezar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda dola\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131na inan\u0131rlar. Bu bak\u0131mdan evin sakinleri belli zamanlarda, \u00f6l\u00fcleri i\u00e7in kutsal birli\u011fi sa\u011flamak \u00fczere yiyecek haz\u0131rlamay\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev bilir. Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm ‘de \u00f6nemli bir yer tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in ruhlar\u0131 rahats\u0131z etmeden son derece sak\u0131n\u0131l\u0131r<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011freti ve \u00d6zdeyi\u015fleri
\n<\/b>
\n\u00d6\u011fretileri en b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgiyi \u00c7in ‘de Han Hanedan\u0131’ndan g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.\u201dB\u00fcy\u00fck Bilgi\u201d ve \u201cOrtayol Doktrini\u201d adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 bu zamanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. O’nun \u00f6\u011fretileri ilgili esaslar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKonf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ‘ten Se\u00e7meler Kitab\u0131\u201d, \u00f6\u011frencilerinin-inanlar\u0131n\u0131n- gayretiyle derlenmi\u015ftir. Se\u00e7me Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs \u00d6zdeyi\u015flerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir.<\/p>\n

– O\u011fuldan istenen babaya, memurdan istenen h\u00fck\u00fcmdara, karde\u015ften istenen a\u011fabeye, arkada\u015ftan istenen de kendisine verilmelidir.
\n– Temkinli olanlar pot k\u0131rmaz
\n– Kendimize yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemedi\u011fimizi ba\u015fkas\u0131na yapmamal\u0131y\u0131z.
\n– \u0130nsanlar prensiplerine hakim olabilir. Prensipler insanlara hakim olamaz.
\n– D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden \u00f6\u011frenmek,bo\u015funa zaman harcamakt\u0131r.
\n– Bilgi deste\u011finden yoksun bir fikir,tehlikelidir.
\n– Sizden \u00fcst durumda olan birinin be\u011fenmedi\u011finiz halleriyle sizden alt durumda olan birine davranmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Ahlak Anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131
\n<\/b>
\nKonf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm, bir dinden \u00e7ok ahlaki sistem olarak alg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O, ahlaki prensiplerinde cemiyet ve milletin \u0131slah\u0131 ile mutlulu\u011fu sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedef alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O bir yandan toplumu saadete ula\u015ft\u0131racak prensipler koymu\u015f, di\u011fer yandan da \u00c7in ‘in eski dini tasavvurlar\u0131n\u0131 canland\u0131rmaktan geri kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir zaman \u201c\u00f6b\u00fcr d\u00fcnya\u201dn\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inkar etmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs, topluma daimi olarak hata i\u015flemekten uzak kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015f,i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7un cezas\u0131n\u0131n mutlaka bu d\u00fcnyada g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fine onlar\u0131 inand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O her f\u0131rsatta \u00e7evresindekilere birbirlerinden \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemelerini telkin etmi\u015f, insan\u0131n her zaman hatadan muaf olamayaca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm’in ahlaki prensiplerini,B\u00fcy\u00fck Bilgi adl\u0131 eserinde g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu kitab\u0131nda Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flama yolunun bizzat insan\u0131n kendi benli\u011finde olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekerek ancak kendisiyle bar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olan insan\u0131n ev halk\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evresini ve nihayet milletini y\u00f6nlendirebilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. O’na g\u00f6re 5 fazilet vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

– \u0130yilik yapmak
\n– G\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fahsiyet olmak
\n– D\u00fcr\u00fcst davranmak
\n– Terbiyeli olmak
\n– Tedbirli davranmak<\/p>\n

Ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131 her zaman faziletin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ancak iyilikte \u0131srar etmek suretiyle hikmet ve faziletin bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ‘e g\u00f6re ahlaki telkinlerin meyve verebilmesi i\u00e7in \u015fu ana temeller \u00fczerine oturmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– K\u00fclt\u00fcr
\n– S\u00f6z\u00fcnde durma
\n– \u0130\u015f idaresi
\n– \u00dcste kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcr\u00fcst davranma<\/p>\n

Ahlaki olgunlu\u011fun temel \u00f6\u011felerini te\u015fkil eden insan\u0131 ili\u015fkileri Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs be\u015f maddede toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar ;<\/p>\n

– Amir – memur ili\u015fkisi
\n– Arkada\u015f – dost ili\u015fkisi
\n– Kar\u0131 – koca ili\u015fkisi
\n– Ana-baban\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla ili\u015fkisi
\n– Karde\u015fler aras\u0131 ili\u015fkiler.<\/p>\n

Sosyal hayat\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nlerini i\u00e7ine alan bu be\u015f esas, b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer ahlaki istemlerinde vazge\u00e7emeyece\u011fi prensiplerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ‘e g\u00f6re hay\u0131rseverlik ve adalet ahlaki olgunlu\u011fu tamamlayan iki \u00f6nemli erdemdir. Toplumda baz\u0131 g\u00f6revler s\u0131rf ahlaki olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r. Menfaatler adaletin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini \u00f6nleyen en b\u00fcy\u00fck fakt\u00f6rlerdir. Bunun i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131 bu duygudan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekir.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm
\n<\/b>
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcsyanizm \u00c7in, \u00c7in Hindi (Tayland, Tayvan, Vietnam), Kore, Japonya, Hindistan ‘da taraftar kitlesine sahip olmakla beraber Avrupa ve Amerika ‘da da Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs Dini mensuplar\u0131 bulunur. Do\u011fu dinlerinin birbirleriyle i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mesi taraftar say\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda net bilgi almay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmekle birlikte, baz\u0131 din ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131nca bu say\u0131n\u0131n
\n350 milyonun \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu ifade edilmektedir. Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm nitelik olarak din -ahlak \u00f6\u011fretisi \u00f6zelliklerinden dolay\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir dine inanan biri taraf\u0131ndan da kabul edilebilir oldu\u011fundan \u00f6zellikle bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde yay\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dünya Dinleri.com Dinin kurucusu Konfüçyüs (M.Ö. 551- 479) adındaki bir filozoftur. Şantung eyaletinde doğmuş ve orada ölmüştür. O zamandan beri eyalet Çinlilerce kutsal sayılır. Konfüçyüs ‘ün hayatında başarılı bir öğretmenlik dönemi vardır. O’nun en önemli özelliklerinden biri kendine aşırı güvenidir. Bütün hayatı boyunca insanları, iyiye, doğruya ve şerefli bir yaşamaya yönelten, inandığı prensipleri yaymak için […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[126],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aydin-adige-abhaz-gencligi","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9607"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9609,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9607\/revisions\/9609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}